硝酸异丙酯NaOH催化水解工艺  

Hydrolysis Process of Isopropyl Nitrate Catalyzed by NaOH

作　　者：郑占胜 肖勇 孙韬 余传明[1] 彭辉 刘成[1] 胡炳成[1] ZHENG Zhan-sheng;XIAO Yong;SUN Tao;YU Chuan-ming;PENG Hui;LIU Cheng;HU Bing-cheng(Department of Chemistry,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Beijing Saint Extraordinary Electronic System Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Beijing 102209,China;Army Academy Artillery Air Defense Research Institute,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]北京圣非凡电子系统技术开发有限公司,北京102209 [3]陆军研究院炮兵防空兵研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《含能材料》2018年第9期760-764,815,共6页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为解决废弃硝酸异丙酯易燃易爆问题,对硝酸异丙酯进行NaOH催化水解,采用气质联用仪测定了硝酸异丙酯的水解效果。通过正交试验考察水解反应温度、反应物配比、催化剂用量、反应时间对硝酸异丙酯水解转化率的影响。结果表明,高温高压下硝酸异丙酯的气相水解,能极大增大水解速率常数,加快水解反应的进行。硝酸异丙酯水解最优工艺条件为:反应温度140℃,V(硝酸异丙酯)∶V(水)=1∶3,n(硝酸异丙酯)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.1,反应时间30 min。硝酸异丙酯转化率达到99%,水解较为彻底,同时异丙醇产率为70%~80%。To solve the flammable and combustible problem of discarded isopropyl nitrate,the hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate was catalyzed by sodium hydroxide.The hydrolysis effect of isopropyl nitrate was detected by coupling gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer(GC/MS).Effects of reaction temperature,reactant ratio,catalyst dosage and reaction time on the conversion rate of isopropyl nitrate were discussed by orthogonal test.Results reveal that,the gas phase hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate under high temperature and high pressure can greatly increase the hydrolysis rate constant and accelerate the hydrolysis reaction.The optimum process conditions for hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate are determined as follows:reaction temperature 140℃,V(isopropyl nitrate)∶V(water)=1∶3,n(isopropyl nitrate)∶n(sodium hydroxide)=1∶1.1,reaction time 30 min.The hydrolysis conversion rate of isopropyl nitrate can reach 99%and the hydrolysis is more thorough.The yield of isopropyl alcohol is 70%-80%.

关 键 词：云爆剂 硝酸异丙酯 水解 转化率 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]