美国公私合作关系(PPP)的法治状况及其启示  

Legal Status and Enlightenment of American Law on Public-Private Partnership

作　　者：刘承韪[1] Liu Chengwei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《国家行政学院学报》2018年第4期140-146,152,共8页Journal of China National School of Administration

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划;国家社科基金"违约惩罚性赔偿制度研究"(17BFX083);中国政法大学优秀中青年教师培养支持计划的项目成果

摘　　要：美国法是一个实用主义的法律系统,其关于公私合作关系的法治务实而高效。中国政府与社会资本合作在快速发展的同时也出现了大量的法律问题,了解并借鉴美国等西方发达国家PPP领域的先进法律制度是必要且有益的。美国PPP项目出现较早,政府也一直非常重视公共产品和服务提供中的私人资源利用,在各类基础设施和公共服务方面有着广泛的分布。美国没有一部统一的PPP法律,其相关立法散见于联邦法律和各州法律中。联邦法律是各州实施PPP的基本指导,具体细节各州自定。美国PPP纠纷解决机制有鲜明的特色,不仅体现在对于仲裁的开放性态度,也体现在其诉讼机制的严密性。首先需要向政府契约官提出正式请求,然后才能向政府的合同上诉委员会申诉或直接向联邦索赔法院提起诉讼,最后还可以向美国联邦巡回法院上诉。美国PPP法治经验有着很好的启发意义。American law on PPP(public-private partnerships)is quite pragmatic and efficient.The rapid development of the Chinese government and social capital cooperation has also led to a large number of legal issues.It is necessary and beneficial to understand and learn from the advanced legal systems in the PPP field of the western developed countries such as the United States.The US PPP project appeared very early and has a wide distribution in various infrastructure and public services.The government has always attached great importance to the use of private sector resources to accelerate the supply of public goods and services,bring innovation and improve service quality.There is no unified PPP law in the United States,and PPP-related legislation is scattered in federal and state legislation.The United States has a federal system,and federal law provides basic guidance for states to implement PPP,and the specific details and whether or not to permit the adoption of the PPP model are left to the states.The US PPP dispute resolution mechanism has distinct characteristics,not only reflected in the open attitude towards arbitration,but also in the rigor of its litigation mechanism.First,a formal request is made to the government contract officer before filing a complaint with the Board of Contract Appeals or directly filing a lawsuit with the US Court of Federal Claims,and finally appealing to the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.The US PPP rule of law experience has a very good inspiration.

关 键 词：公私合作关系 立法 争议解决机制 经验与启示 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学]