磁星的观测特性和理论模型  

Observational Properties and Theoretical Models of Magnetars

作　　者：姚广瑞 闫振[1,3] 黄磊[1,3] 余聪[4] 沈志强 YAO Guang-rui;YAN Zhen;HUANG Lei;YU Cong;SHEN Zhi-qiang(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Physics and Astronomy,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,519082,China;Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院射电天文重点实验室,上海200030 [4]中山大学物理与天文学院,广州519082

出　　处：《天文学进展》2018年第3期251-270,共20页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11590780,11590784,11173046)。

摘　　要：磁星(magnetar)是一类有着极强磁场的致密天体,它们的外部磁场强度是典型中子星磁场强度的100～1 000倍。在过去几十年中,软γ射线复现源(SGR)和反常X射线脉冲星(AXP)被认为是最有可能的磁星候选者。磁星有着独特的能谱性质和光变特征,它的观测现象丰富多彩,其观测波段跨越了射电、红外、光学、X射线和γ射线等。近些年来,多种理论模型也相继被提出来,以解释其独特的性质。以正常脉冲星为例,介绍了磁星与通常中子星的不同性质,详述了磁星在多波段的能谱、光变及周期跃变现象等观测特性,总结了为解释磁星的特殊性质而建立起来的多种理论模型,并详述了中子星框架下的扭曲磁层模型。此外还介绍了其他候选模型。Magnetars are a kind of compact objects powered by extremely strong magnetic energy.Their external magnetic fields are at least 1001000 times stronger than those of the typical neutron stars observed as radio pulsars powered by the loss of rotational energy.The soft gamma-ray repeaters(SGR)and the anomalous X-ray pulsars(AXP)have been recognized as the most promising candidates for being magnetars in the last decades.Multiwavelength observations including radio,infrared,optical,X-ray and-ray have been carried out to reveal their abundant and special appearance.Meanwhile,various models have been put forward to explain the special properties of magnetars recently.After explaining why it is generally believed that the traditional energy sources at work in other neutron stars cannot power the emission of magnetars,the paper reviews the observational properties of the magnetars including spectral properties,timing properties like anti-glitch,and variability properties such as short bursts,intermediate flares,giant flares,long-term X-ray variability and transients.Finally,the paper discribes the main features of the twisted magnetospheres model in detail as well as several alternative models.

关 键 词：磁星 SGR AXP 巨型闪耀 扭曲磁层模型 

分 类 号：P145.6[天文地球—天体物理]