基于波导理论与ATP-EMTP对雷击风机系统仿真及防护  

Simulation and Protection of Wind Turbine System by Lightning Strokes Based on Waveguide Theory and ATP-EMTP

作　　者：张徐伟 李鹏飞 郑文佳[1,2] 吕东波 杨仲江 ZHANG Xu-wei;LI Peng-fei;ZHENG Wen-jia;LüDong-bo;YANG Zhong-jiang(Meteorological Safety Technology Center of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310000,China;Zhejiang Lightning Protection Safety Testing Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 310000,China;eorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center of Heilongjiang Province;China Meteorological Administration High Latitudes Laboratory for Lightning Research,Harbin 150030,China;Laboratory for Lightning Research of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省气象安全技术中心,杭州310000 [2]浙江防雷安全检测有限公司,杭州310000 [3]黑龙江省气象灾害防御技术中心 [4]中国气象科学研究院高纬度雷电研究实验室,哈尔滨150030 [5]南京信息工程大学雷电高压研究实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2018年第25期164-171,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB441405);国家自然科学基金(41175003);黑龙江省气象局创新团队基金资助

摘　　要：风机雷电过电压防护是风机安全运行的重要保障。为了研究风机因遭受雷电过电压损坏的规律,通过分析雷电电磁波导理论与风机内部运行结构,建立塔筒(门)空腔试验缩比模型与风机线网结构雷电过电压分布仿真模型。基于实验室测试与ATP-EMTP软件仿真计算,采取相对偏差计算方法对部分结果进行验证,进而分析雷击风机系统的影响。研究结果表明:雷电电磁脉冲在塔筒(门)空腔导线中可产生峰值约为数百伏阻尼震荡损害波,风机塔筒门的接口部分需进行较好的密封屏蔽;风机雷电过电压系统仿真中,不同部位形成的雷电电压波峰值间具有较大的倍数差。可根据各部位RLC值的变化安装适配SPD;风机雷电过电压系统仿真中,参考点峰值电压值随着接地电阻值增大而增大,越靠近风机塔筒基础部分,电压峰值变化越明显。从1～10Ω改变接地电阻值,并不能有效改善塔筒以上部分过电压峰值。研究结果可为进一步系统研究雷击风机与雷击风机附近对风机造成的侵害特性提供依据。The lightning overvoltage protection of the wind turbine is an important guarantee for the safe function.In order to study the overvoltage damage rule of the wind turbine due to lightning strokes,with analyzing the lightning electromagnetic waveguide theory and the internal operating structure of the wind turbine,the tower or the tower s door cavity test scaled model and the wind turbine line-network structure s distribution model of the lightning overvoltage were established.Meanwhile,based on the test and the ATP-EMTP(the alternative transient program-the electromagnetic transients program)software simulation calculation,relative deviation calculation method was adopted to verify the results,and then analyzed the impacts of the lightning strike to the wind turbine system.The research results show these as follows:First,lightning electromagnetic pulse can generate several hundreds of volts damped oscillation damage wave in the tower or the tower s door cavity wire,and the interface part of the tower or the tower s door must be well sealed and shielded.Second,in the wind turbine lightning overvoltage system simulation,the lightning voltage peaks formed at different locations have larger multiples of the peak values.The installation of the adapted SPD(surge protection device)can be performed according to the change of the RLC(resistance,inductance,capacitance)value of each part.Third,in the wind turbine lightning overvoltage simulation,the peak voltage value of the reference point increases with the increase of the grounding resistance.The closer to the base part of the wind turbine tower,the more obviously the voltage peak changes.Changing the grounding resistance from 1 to 10Ωdoes not effectively improve the over-voltage peaks above the wind turbine tower.Overall,the results can provide a basis for further systematic study of the damage characteristics of the wind turbine near the lightning striker or the direct lightning striker.

关 键 词：风机 雷击试验 缩比模型 波导理论 ATP-EMTP仿真 

分 类 号：TM835[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]