壳聚糖抗菌性能研究进展  

A reviewof antibacterial properties of chitosan

作　　者：俞娟 徐俊华 范一民[1] YU Juan;XU Junhua;FAN Yimin(College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学化学工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2018年第5期20-27,共8页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100426);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20170924)

摘　　要：壳聚糖是天然生物多糖几丁质的脱乙酰产物,具有生物相容性,生物可降解性,无毒、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌等一系列优良的生物特性。作为一种天然、安全、无毒的抗菌防腐剂,壳聚糖在服装、食品和生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,由于壳聚糖本身抗菌能力较弱,因此提高壳聚糖的抗菌能力及抗菌持效性是亟待解决的关键问题。目前提高壳聚糖抗菌能力的策略主要有两种:一是通过对壳聚糖的氨基和羟基进行化学改性以引入抗菌性基团,改变壳聚糖自身的物理化学性能如亲疏水性,从而达到增强抗菌能力的效果;二是向壳聚糖材料中添加外源抗菌因子如纳米银颗粒、金属氧化物、生物抗菌因子等提高壳聚糖复合材料的抗菌能力。笔者分别从壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物和壳聚糖复合材料3个方面综述了壳聚糖材料抗菌性能的研究进展,并对其存在的问题及解决对策进行了分析,同时,对其研究前景进行了展望。As a renewable polysaccharide,chitin is abundant in nature.Chitin and its deacetylation products,chitosan,have a series of excellent biological characteristics such as biocompatibility,biodegradability,non-toxic,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial.Due to its natural antimicrobial preservative property,chitosan has a broad application prospect in the fields of clothing,food and biomedicine.The chitosan also is a well-known antibacterial agent,and there are many factors such as pH,degree of deacetylation,molecular weight and solvent affect the antibacterial capabilities.When the pH value is lower than 5,the chitosan surface has more positive charge and exhibits stronger antibacterial capability.The degree of deacetylation is also an important factor affecting the antibacterial capability.As higher degree of deacetylation is used,the chitosan shows stronger antibacterial capability.In addition,the molecular weight and solvent has a significant effect on the antibacterial capability of the chitosan.There is no accordance explanation for the antibacterial mechanism of the chitosan.The current explanation can be mainly sorted as follows:1)The chitosan is positively charged under acidic conditions and can bind to negatively charged cell membrane to hinder cell transmembrane transport or destruction of the cell membrane;2)Small molecule chitosan can enter the inside of the cell and bind to the protein or DNA,thereby killing the microorganism;3)The chitosan can chelate some metal ions that microorganisms are necessary and then inhibit the growth of microorganisms.However,the antibacterial capability of the chitosan itself is moderate.How to improve the antibacterial ability and antibacterial persistence of the chitosan is a key problem that needs to be solved.Two main strategies for improving the antibacterial capability of the chitosan were reported.The one is to graft antibacterial groups by chemical modification of the amino and hydroxyl groups to change the physical and chemical properties of chitosan.Graftin

关 键 词：壳聚糖 衍生物 复合物 抗菌性能 抗菌防腐剂 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]