野豌豆属栽培牧草根部入侵真菌病害研究进展  

Research progress on root invading fungal diseases of cultivated forage Vicia species

作　　者：马莉霞 王琼 李应德 南志标[1] 段廷玉[1] MA Lixia;WANG Qiong;LI Yingde;NAN Zhibiao;DUAN Tingyu(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems;Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第9期2241-2251,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)

摘　　要：野豌豆属作物是重要的饲草、粮食和绿肥作物,具有水土保持、防风固沙和药用等价值。本文归纳了野豌豆属栽培牧草根部入侵真菌病害的种类、病害发生的影响因子、病害对牧草的影响及防控措施。危害野豌豆属作物的根部病原真菌有6属21种,主要是镰刀菌属(Fusariumspp.)、疫霉属(Phytophthoraspp.)、腐霉属(Pythiumspp.)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、丝囊霉属(Aphanomyces spp.)和壳球孢属(Macrophominaspp.),重病田发病率在75%以上。由根部入侵真菌引致的根腐病,不仅严重影响牧草地上生物量的积累,而且制约牧草品质的提高和草地的利用年限。栽培措施、田间管理、生物防治和化学防治等可有效防控野豌豆属牧草根腐病。文末就该研究领域的发展及存在的问题进行了分析和展望。The Vicia spp.are important forage,grain and green manure crops,It plays important role in soil and water conservation,and sand fixation,it was also widely used for Chinese Traditional Medicinal.This paper summarized the advances of root rot disease caused by root invading fungi in world,including the classification of the pathogens,factors affect disease occurrence,effects of disease on forage and disease control methods.There were about 21 fungal species belongs to six genus root invading fungi cause Vicia plant root rot at home and abroad.The fungi mainly are Fusarium spp.,Phytophthora spp.,Pythium spp.,Rhizoctonia spp.,Aphanomyces spp.and Macrophomina spp.The most studied crops are Vicia faba and V.sativa.Root-invading fungi cause root rot,the root rot incidence of severe field is over 75%,the diseases not only decrease the yield and quality of forage crop,but also shorten the utilization years of the pasture.Cultivation measures and field management,biological and chemical control can effectively prevent and control Vicia species crops root rot disease.At the same time,the research in this field is prospected,and some suggestions for future research are put forward.

关 键 词：野豌豆属 栽培牧草 根部入侵真菌 病害 影响 防治 研究进展 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学] S542.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]