牧民对青藏高原草地磷源变化的认知  

Understanding of herders regarding the change of phosphorus source in grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：龚毅帆 曹建军[1] 杨书荣 许雪贇 李梦天 GONG Yifan;CAO Jianjun;YANG Shurong;XU Xueyun;LI Mengtian(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第9期2291-2298,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41461109);甘肃省自然科学基金(1506RJZA124);中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室开放基金(KLEIRB-ZS-16-01)

摘　　要：研究牧民对动物骨头和鸟类数量的认知,有助于了解草地磷源的变化趋势。以青藏高原牧区(玛曲县、碌曲县、那曲县和当雄县)牧民为调查对象,对其关于近20年草地磷源变化的认知进行了实证研究。本次调查共发放问卷331份,其中收回有效问卷324份。结果显示,近20年来,动物骨头数量减少了10%~40%,鸟类数量减少了10%~50%,说明青藏高原草地磷源呈萎缩趋势;地域和性别对磷源变化的认知具有重要影响。与玛曲县和碌曲县相比,那曲县和当雄县牧民认为鸟类数量的下降幅度更大。与男性相比,女性认为动物骨头和鸟类数量的下降幅度都较大。因此,加强动物尤其是鸟类的保护,可在一定程度上缓解该区草地磷源持续萎缩的趋势。Studying the understanding of herders concerning the number of bones and birds contributes to a better understanding of the changing trend of grassland phosphorus sources.Herders from grazing districts(Maqu,Luqu,Nagchu,Damxung)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)participated.Their understanding of the change of phosphorus source in grassland in the past 20 years was assessed.A total of 331 questionnaires were distributed.Of these,324 were valid for assessment.The results showed that the number of bones had decreased by 10%~40%,while the number of birds had decreased by 10%~50%in the past 20 years.Thus,the phosphorus sources on the QTP had tended to decline.Region and gender had significant effects on the recognition of change of the phosphorus source.Herders from Nagchu and Damxung better recognized that the number of birds had decreased than did herders from Maqu and Luqu.However,females were always more attentive than males to the decline in the number of bones and birds.A reduction in the ongoing trend of reduction of grassland phosphorus would be helpful in strengthening the protection of species,especially the diversity of birds.

关 键 词：高寒草地 养分限制因子 社会学方法 动物骨头 鸟类 牧民收入水平 环境库茨涅茨曲线 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]