苏联与后苏联时代伦理学中的道德选择问题  

The Moral Choice in the Ethics of Soviet Union and the Post-Soviet Era

作　　者：武卉昕 WU Hui-xin(School of Marxism,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin150000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学马克思主义学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2018年第4期80-88,共9页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"马克思主义伦理思想史研究""(17ZDA022);国家社会科学基金重点项目"后苏联时代的俄罗斯伦理学研究"(18AZX020);黑龙江省哲学社会科学规划项目"社会主义意识形态的价值导向研究"(17ZXH55)

摘　　要：道德选择是道德价值进入实践层面的前提性环节,对于全部道德价值的实现意义重大。苏联伦理学中的道德选择,无论是在社会道德层面还是在个体道德层面都对道德实践具有引导作用。苏联的道德选择以社会发展和个体完善为价值前提,以培养社会主义新人的道德风貌、实现个体道德完善。道德选择的实现要建立在历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的总方法论基础上,遵循目的和手段相统一的原则,坚持共产主义的世界观立场。在后苏联时代的俄罗斯伦理学当中,道德选择的价值前提由苏联时代的培养新人和真正意义的道德完善转向后来的个人主义,道德选择的制约性由苏联时代自由与必然相统一转向二者的疏离,原来的历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的总方法被抛弃,道德选择功利性增强,道德世界观转变为彻底的伦理唯心主义。道德选择的价值前提、社会制约性、方法论和具体方法、目的和手段的关系、世界观都发生了逆转,苏俄历史视野中的道德选择的嬗变也就在实质上完成了。As the premise of applying moral value to the practice,moral choice is essential for the realization of all moral values.On this very note,the moral choice in Soviet ethics plays a guiding role in moral practice,be it in social morality or in individual morality.It pursues social advancement and individual perfection as its value premise,in an earnest effort to shape the moral outlook of New Soviet man and achieve individual moral pcrfcction.The realization of moral choice must build on the general methodology of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,follow the principle of the unity of purpose and means,and adhere to the communist world outlook.In Russian ethics of the post-Soviet era,the moral choice shifts its focus,with regard to the value premise,to pursuing individualism from cultivating New Soviet man and realizing real moral perfection in the earlier era.Beyond that,its restriction also changes from the integration of freedom and necessity of the Soviet era to their alienation.Likewise,the general method of historical materialism and dialectical materialism in the Soviet era has already given way to thorough ethical idealism featuring stronger utility in moral choice.From the historical perspective of Soviet Russia,the moral choice has been effectively transformed as it has all been reversed in terms of its value premise,social restraint,methodological and concrete methods,the relationship between purpose and means,and its world view.

关 键 词：苏联 后苏联时代 道德选择 伦理学 

分 类 号：A8[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B82