2018年汉江中下游水华成因分析与治理对策  

Causes analysis of water bloom in middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River in 2018 and its countermeasures

作　　者：王俊 汪金成 徐剑秋 钱宝 WANG Jun;WANG Jincheng;XU Jianqiu;QIAN Bao(Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang River Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2018年第17期7-11,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2017CFB312);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2017B20514)

摘　　要：2018年2月汉江中下游再次暴发硅藻水华,从2月8日至3月中下旬,历时30余天,是有资料记载以来最长的一次。自水华暴发后,长江水利委员会及时启动应急预案,利用汉江中下游梯级水库群进行了水量调度,以控制水华的进一步发展,同时在汉江中下游河段设置了6个监测断面进行逐日监测。调查结果显示:此次硅藻水华优势种为汉氏冠盘藻(Stephanodiscus hantzschii),暴发期其藻密度最高达到了3200万cell/L,水华影响范围从原先的武汉至仙桃段延伸至了兴隆库区。根据调查结果,分析了水华发生的几点原因,包括硅藻优势种种源问题、污染源控制问题以及特殊的水文气象情势等,并提出了严控污染输入、优化水量调度方案、完善管理机制等几点治理对策。但要永久解决汉江水华问题,还需地方各级政府在当前河长制要求下积极作为,全面保护汉江水生态环境,彻底解决流域面源污染问题。In February 2018,diatom bloom again occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River and lasted more than 30 days from February 8 to mid-late March,which was the longest one in recorded data.Since the outbreak of water bloom,the Changjiang Water Resources Commission promptly started emergency plan and operated the cascade reservoirs on the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to regulate flow for controlling its development.At the same time,six monitoring sections were set up in the middle and lower reaches for daily monitoring.The investigation showed that the dominant species of diatoms in this bloom was Stephanodiscus hantzschii,the algae density reached up to 32 million cells/L during the outbreak period and its influence scope extend upstream to Xinglong Reservoir area,more upstream than previous Xiantao reach.According to the investigation results,several causes for the occurrence of the water bloom are summarized,including diatom dominant species source,pollution source controlling and special hydro-meteorological situations,etc.,and several countermeasures are put forward,including strict control of pollution input,optimization of water scheduling scheme and improvement of management mechanism.However,to permanently solve the diatom bloom problem,it is also necessary for local governments at all levels to work actively under the requirements of the current river head system to protect the water ecological environment of the Hanjiang River in an all-round way and thoroughly solve the problem of non-point source pollution in the river basin.

关 键 词：硅藻水华 水量调度 藻类监测 河长制 汉江流域 

分 类 号：TV698[水利工程—水利水电工程]