重庆市白术根腐病发生危害及其病原菌生物学特性  

Occurence and damage of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. root rot and biological characteristics of its pathogen

作　　者：杨成前[1] 吴中宝[1] 余中莲 蒲盛才[1] 雷美艳[1] 杨天健 YANG Cheng-qian;WU Zhong-bao;YU Zhong-lian;PU Sheng-cai;LEI Mei-yan;YANG Tian-jian(Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation,Chongqing 408435,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市药物种植研究所,重庆408435

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第8期1561-1567,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1700704);中国中医药管理局中医药行业科研专项项目(201507002);重庆市科委技术创新与应用示范项目(cstc2015shmszx120115)

摘　　要：【目的】明确重庆市白术根腐病发生危害情况及其病原菌种类、生物学特性,为该病害的预测、防治及白术抗病育种提供理论依据。【方法】2017年3~8月,每隔30 d对重庆市白术产区进行白术根腐病田间症状及危害情况调查;采用组织分离法结合柯赫氏法则获得白术根腐病致病菌,根据病原菌的形态特征对病原菌进行种类鉴定,并考察不同培养基、碳氮源、pH、温度等因素对病原菌菌丝生长和产孢等的影响。【结果】白术根腐病在田间有块茎腐烂型和须根腐烂脱落型2种症状,其中块茎腐烂型占发病植株的69.68%,为主要症状类型。将2种来源的白术根腐病病原菌接种于4种不同白术栽培类型,结果发病症状也以块茎腐烂型为主。引起2种症状的病原菌均为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysprum Schl.)。最适宜白术根腐病病原菌生长的培养基为PSA培养基;菌丝生长最适碳、氮源分别为蔗糖和甘氨酸;最适产孢碳、氮源分别为D-果糖和亮氨酸;菌丝在5~45℃均能生长,最适温度为25~30℃,产孢及孢子萌发最适温度为30℃;菌丝在pH为3~11时均能生长,最适pH为7,产孢及孢子萌发最适p H为6。【结论】重庆市白术根腐病表现为块茎腐烂型和须根腐烂脱落型2种症状,病原菌均为尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysprum),其症状表现与白术栽培类型的抗病性相关。【Objective】The occurrence,pathogenic types and biological characteristics of root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.in Chongqing were clarified,which provided theoretical basis for the prediction,prevention and treatment of this disease and the breeding of resistant A.macrocephala seedlings.【Method】The damage and symptoms of root rot disease were investigated every 30 days from March to August in 2017 in Chongqing.Then pathogens of root rot were isolated and purified by onventional tissue separation combining Kirsch’s rule and pathogenic bacteria were identified by the morphological characteristics.After that,the effects of culture medium,carbon nitrogen source,pH and temperature on the growth of mycelia and spores were investigated.【Result】Two symptoms,including rhizome rot and fibrous rot,were observed in field,while the rhizome rot accounted for 69.68%of the total ill seedlings.After inoculating the two types of pathogens on four different A.macrocephala cultivation patterns,rhizome rot appeared on most of the seedlings.The main pathogen inducing these two symptoms was identified as Fusarium oxysprum Schl.,which was suitable for growing in PSA medium.The optimum carbon and nitrogen source for mycelia growth were sucrose and glycine,but those for reproduction spore were fructopyranose and leucine respectively.The optimum living conditions for mycelia growth was 25-30℃and pH 7,but it could grow at 5-45℃and pH 3-11.And the optimum living conditions for sporulation and spore germination was 30℃and pH 6.【Conclusion】Two symptoms,including rhizome rot and fibrous rot,are observed in Chongqing root rot A.macrocephala.The main pathogen is F.oxysprum.The pathogenic symptom is related to the different resistance types of A.macrocephala cultivation patterns.

关 键 词：白术根腐病 发生危害 尖孢镰刀菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]