稀植和密植下小麦主要农艺性状的遗传差异及关系分析  

Genetic differences and correlation of main agronomic traits in wheat under low-density and high-density planting models

作　　者：常向楠 陈树林[1] 程西永[1] 许海霞[1] 朱小涛 李林繁 望俊森 杨秋云[1] 詹克慧[1] CHANG Xiangnan;CHEN Shulin;CHENG Xiyong;XU Haixia;ZHU Xiaotao;LI Linfan;WANG Junsen;YANG Qiuyun;ZHAN Kehui(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2018年第4期497-505,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB138105)

摘　　要：以197份黄淮南片冬麦区的小麦品种(系)为试验材料,于2015—2016和2016—2017年度在河南农业大学郑州科教试验园区,对稀植和密植下小麦主要农艺性状进行了鉴定,分析了不同农艺性状在2种种植方式间的遗传差异及关系。除旗叶夹角外,其他性状在2种种植密度下差异均达到极显著水平。与稀植相比,密植下小麦的抽穗期和开花期分别提前1.22和1.02 d,株高、脖长、穗下节长分别升高4.37,1.84和1.01 cm,旗叶长、旗叶宽分别减少0.36和0.10 cm,穗长缩短0.17 cm,可育小穗数减少1.71个,不育小穗数增加1.01个,穗粒数减少9.85粒,千粒重和单穗重分别下降1.53和0.62 g。不同性状差值的变异范围均较大,说明品种间差异较大。各农艺性状在稀植和密植间均呈极显著正相关关系,但相关程度因性状不同有较大差异。密植产量与稀植性状间的逐步回归分析表明,密植产量与稀植的株高、脖长、千粒重和单穗重之间的回归关系达到极显著水平,与抽穗期达到显著水平,稀植抽穗期晚、植株高、脖长较长、千粒重低和单穗重低都不利于密植产量的提高。One hundred and ninety-seven wheat cultivars originated from Southern Huang-huai winter wheat region were selected to evaluate the differences and correlation of main agronomic traits under low-density and high-density planting models in 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 at Zhengzhou Scientific Research and Education Center of Henan Agriculture University.The results showed that main agronomic traits were significant differences in all cultivars under low-density and high-density planation except for flag base leaf angle.Compared those under low sowing density,average time of heading and flowering under high sowing density planation was advanced 1.22 and 1.02 d respectively.Correspondingly,plant height,neck length,and peduncle length of all varieties decreased by 4.37,1.84 and 1.01 cm,respectively.Flag leaf width and length were shorten by 0.36 cm and 0.10 cm,respectively;spike length dropped by 0.17 cm,number of fertile spikelet per spike declined by 1.71,and number of sterile spikelet per spike increased by 1.01;grain number per spike descended by 9.85;thousand grain weight,and single spike weight fell by 1.53 and 0.62 g,respectively.Besides,the variation range of each trait varied largely indicated that the accessions had different performance.Significant correlation was found between two sowing densities for all the traits(P<0.01),but the correlation coefficients varied greatly due to different traits.Plant height and neck length had significant regression relations with grain yield at high-density planting model,grain yield has significant regression relations with thousand grain weight and single spike weight at low-density planting model,while significant on heading date.The parameters of later heading,higher plant,longer neck length,lower thousand grain weight and lower single spike weight under low-density planting were not appreciate to increase yield at high-density planting.

关 键 词：小麦 农艺性状差异 稀植 密植 相关分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]