2014～2017年北京城区霾污染态势及潜在来源  

Analysis of haze pollution situation and potential sources in Beijing urban area from 2014 to 2017

作　　者：杨欣[1] 陈义珍[1,2] 赵妤希[1] 柴发合[1] 王婉[1] YANG Xin;CHEN Yi-zhen;ZHAO Yu-xi;CHAI Fa-he;WANG Wan(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第9期3232-3239,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护部部门预算项目(2110301);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG-05-24)

摘　　要：统计分析2014～2017年北京城区霾污染发生情况,利用HYSPLIT模式对4年内气流来向进行聚类计算,识别区域内的主要污染传输通道和潜在污染源区分布及变化.结果显示,研究期间北京市城区空气质量状况整体呈改善趋势,灰霾时发生率从2014年的50.6%降至2017年33.7%,灰霾日数由165d降至78d,每年10月到次年采暖结束的3月灰霾发生较为集中.不同强度霾发生频率逐年下降,秋、冬季灰霾发生频率及污染强度均逐步降低.冀东南平原区、太行山东麓以及燕山南麓沿线为京津冀地区的3条主要污染传输通道,传输高度均在近地1000m内,期间通道轨迹对应北京城区PM_(2.5)平均达124.1μg/m^3,其出现频率在2014～2017年逐年减小,并且各年当中同类轨迹所对应的北京PM_(2.5)均呈逐年下降趋势.北京城区PM2.5的主要潜在源区从华北平原和渤海天津港区域逐渐缩小至冀中南和鲁西北地区,且传输通道区域污染贡献率逐年降低,有利的天气形势和人为的区域减排是近年空气质量改善的2大主因.Combined the statistical analysis of Beijing urban haze from the year of 2014 to 2017 with the clustering results obtained by HYSPLIT backward trajectory mode,spatial characteristics and variation of main pollution transport pathways and potential source-zones were identified.The study revealed that the overall air quality in Beijing urban area kept improving during the study period,with the incidence of haze dropped from 50.6%in 2014to 33.7%in 2017and the occurrence of haze days decreased from 165d to 78d.Every year,haze always concentrated appears during coal heating period from October to the next March.The occurrence frequency of the different intensity haze has been decreasing year by year,both the frequency and the intensity of haze pollution happened in autumn and winter seasons declined gradually.There are three main pollution transport pathways in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,including the southeastern plain area of Hebei,the east foot of the Taihang Mountain and the south foot of the Yan Mountain,which altitudes were all below 1000m of the ground,corresponding to the Beijing average concentration PM2.5 of 124.1μg/m3 during the study.The frequencies of main transport pathways have reduced gradually,and the contributions to PM2.5 of Beijing by the same trajectory were also declined.Major potential source-zones of PM2.5 in Beijing urban area has gradually narrowed to center-south parts of Hebei and northwest Shandong from the north China plain and the Tianjin port,with the decreasing contribution rate of the air pollution from the transport pathways.The favorable weather conditions and the control of human-derived regional emissions were the 2major causes of the air quality improvement in the last 4years.

关 键 词：北京 霾污染 后向轨迹 传输通道 潜在来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]