基于非培养手段的多环芳烃降解微生物解析  

Identification and characterization on PAHs-degrading microorganisms via cultivation-independent approaches

作　　者：陈亚婷 姜博 邢奕 张娜娜 连路宁 路培 CHEN Ya-ting;JIANG Bo;XING Yi;ZHANG Na-na;LIAN Lu-ning;LU Pei(Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants,School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science&Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,工业典型污染物资源化处理北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第9期3562-3575,共14页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2017M620626);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(FRF-TP-16-063A1)

摘　　要：本文对原位识别土壤未培养微生物的非培养手段进行综述,揭示其在PAHs降解中发挥的作用.首先对土壤中PAHs的降解微生物、降解原理以及功能基因进行全面总结;其次对荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)、稳定同位素探针技术(SIP)、宏基因组学技术(Metagenomics)、转录组学技术(Transcriptomics)、单细胞技术(Single-cell technology)以及磁性纳米材料技术(MMI)等非培养手段的原理、特点以及应用进行归纳总结.重点讨论这6种非培养手段在原位识别PAHs降解微生物中的应用潜力.其中SIP在研究PAHs降解机制中最为成熟、稳定,应用最广泛.MMI作为一种新型的非培养手段,能够从复杂的生态环境中分离获得活的功能微生物,为深入探究未培养的PAHs降解微生物提供解决途径.This review discussed the cultivation-independent approaches which have been developed to identify functional-yetuncultivated soil microbes in situ and revealed their functions in PAHs degradation.PAHs-degrading microbes,degradation mechanisms and functional genes were summarized.The principles,characteristics and applications of cultivation-independent methods,including Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),Stable-isotope probing(SIP),Metagenomics,Transcriptomics,Single-cell technology and Magnetic nanoparticle-Mediated Isolation technology(MMI)were also discussed.Examples were given on the application of these cultivation-independent approaches in identifying PAHs-degrading microbes.SIP technology is the most stable and widely used in the study of PAHs degradation mechanism.As a novel cultivation-independent approach,MMI technology provides a deep insight into exploring functional-yet-uncultivated PAHs-degrading microbes,which stands out for its ability to separate active functional microbes.

关 键 词：未培养微生物 多环芳烃降解 土壤 功能微生物 非培养方法 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]