莱州湾和牟平近海夏季小型底栖生物群落组成及环境状况分析  

Meiofaunal community structure and environmental conditions in Laizhou Bay and the Muping offshore area in summer

作　　者：蒲思潮 史本泽 张光涛 徐奎栋[1,2] PU Si-chao;SHI Ben-ze;ZHANG Guang-tao;XU Kui-dong(Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]胶州湾海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2018年第4期101-111,共11页Marine Sciences

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2013FY111100-03);国家自然科学基金项目(41706163)~~

摘　　要：为探究莱州湾和牟平近海小型底栖生物群落组成及影响因子,作者于2016年7月在这两个海域采集了沉积物样品,并结合沉积环境因子进行了小型底栖生物群落组成分析。结果表明,在莱州湾和牟平近海各仅检获了7个小型底栖生物类群,且莱州湾的小型底栖生物平均丰度和生物量均明显低于牟平近岸海域。莱州湾线虫和桡足类平均丰度分别占小型底栖生物的91.9%和6.3%,牟平近海分别占92.1%和4.2%。对两个海域小型底栖生物群落组成与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示:小型底栖生物丰度与底层水溶解氧含量呈显著正相关;表层小型底栖生物丰度比与沉积物中叶绿素a含量、脱镁叶绿素含量、沉积物有机质含量以及水深呈显著正相关,与中值粒径和底层水温度呈显著负相关。本研究显示,基于不同沉积物类型中的参考比值,线虫和桡足类丰度比值(N/C)可用于莱州湾和牟平近海沉积环境有机污染状况的评估。研究还发现,牟平海域的小型底栖生物丰度和生物量呈现由近岸向外海增加的异常趋势,且小型底栖生物的数量和类群多样性较十年前显著降低,显示沉积环境受到了明显干扰。This study aimed to analyze the meiofaunal and environmental samples collected from Laizhou Bay and the Muping offshore area in July 2016 to assess the meiofaunal community structure and the impact of environmental parameters.Only seven meiofaunal groups were obtained from each sea area.Both the mean abundance and biomass of meiofauna in the Muping offshore area were much higher than those in Laizhou Bay.Nematodes were the most abundant group in both sea areas(Laizhou Bay,91.9%;Muping offshore area,92.1%),followed by copepods(6.3%and 4.2%,respectively).Pearson correlation analysis between the composition of meiofaunal groups and environmental parameters revealed a significant positive correlation between the meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen concentration of the bottom water.The ratio of meiofaunal abundance in the surface sediment layer to the total meiofaunal abundance exhibited a significant positive correlation with contents of chlorophyll a,pheophytin,and organic matter as well as water depth and a significant negative correlation with the sediment grain size and temperature of bottom water,respectively.According to the reference values for different types of sediments,our results indicate that the nematode:copepod ratio can be used to assess the condition of organic pollution of sediments in the two sea areas.Moreover,we observed an unusual trend of the meiofaunal abundance and biomass,which increased from the nearshore station to the farmost station in the Muping offshore area.Compared with the data obtained from the same sea area off Muping in June 2007,both the abundance and taxonomic diversity of meiofauna have distinctly decreased,indicating the effect of apparent disturbance in the sediment environments.

关 键 词：渤海 黄海 小型底栖生物 丰度 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]