滇山茶多倍体栽培品种的细胞倍性  

Ploidy Study on Polyploidy Cultivars of Camellia reticulata

作　　者：徐晓丹[1] 邵维助 郑伟 Xu Xiaodan;Shao Weizhu;Zheng Wei(Faculty of Art and Communication,Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650504;Management Station of Camellia Base,Tengchong Bureau of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Tengchong 679101;Faculty of Architecture and City Planning,Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650504)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学艺术与传媒学院,昆明650504 [2]腾冲市住房和城乡建设局茶花基地管理所,腾冲679101 [3]昆明理工大学建筑与城市规划学院,昆明650504

出　　处：《林业科学》2018年第9期44-48,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101565;31360488;31660228)

摘　　要：【目的】阐明滇山茶主要栽培品种的细胞倍性,以利于后期的遗传育种研究。【方法】采集昆明植物园滇山茶63个品种的嫩叶,并以二倍体怒江红山茶作为对照,利用流式细胞仪检测每个样本DNA含量的荧光强度,然后根据2C值估计细胞倍性。同时,每个倍性采集3个代表品种的茎尖和花药制作压片,在光学显微镜下进行染色体计数,验证流式细胞术的结果。【结果】在63个滇山茶品种中,DNA峰值最大的是‘恨天高’(304.43),2C值为18.32 pg;DNA峰值最小的为‘红霞迎春’(175.03),2C值为10.53 pg。峰值范围小于250、2C值低于15.00 pg的品种倍性被估计为六倍体,涉及的品种共29个,占被检品种总数的46.03%;峰值范围在250~300、2C值为15.00~18.00 pg的品种倍性被估计为八倍体,共涉及31个品种,占被检品种总数的49.21%;峰值范围大于300、2C值高于18.00 pg的品种倍性被估计为十倍体,涉及品种3个,占被检品种总数的4.76%。滇山茶代表品种‘五角绣球’(花药:n=45)、‘菊瓣’(花药:n=60)和‘恨天高’(茎尖:2n=150)的染色体计数结果与流式细胞术的倍性估计结果一致。【结论】滇山茶的栽培品种涉及六倍体、八倍体和十倍体,丰富的细胞倍性将为后期的杂交亲本选配、多倍体的遗传和进化等研究奠定基础。【Objective】The paper was intended to clarify the ploidy of main cultivars of Camellia reticulata,which will be helpful for the breeding in the future.【Method】Leave samples of 63 cultivars of C.reticulata as well as the diploid species C.saluenensis used as control were collected from Kunming Botanical Garden,and then DNA was extracted and contents were detected using fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry(FCM).The ploidy were estimated according to their 2 C values.Additionally,the chromosome numbers were counted by electron microscope using stem tips and pollen of three representative cultivars in each ploidy group,so as to verify the result of flow cytometry.【Result】Among the 63 cultivars of C.reticulata,the maximum DNA content was of‘Hentiangao’which was peaking at 304.43 with 2 C value of 18.32 pg.The minimum DNA content was of‘Hongxia Yingchun’which was peaking at 175.03 with 2 C value of 10.53 pg.A total of 29 cultivars(46.03%of tested cultivars)which had DNA peaking below 250 with 2 C value below 15.00 pg were estimated as hexaploid.31 cultivars(49.21%),which had DNA peaking range of 250 to 300 and 2 C value of 15.00-18.00 pg,were estimated to be octaploid.Three cultivars(4.76%)which had DNA peaking above 300 and 2 C value above 18.00 pg were estimated as decaploid.Furthermore,the chromosome numbers of representative cultivars,‘Wujiao Xiuqiu’(pollen:n=45),‘Juban’(pollen:n=60)and‘Hentiangao’(stem tip:2 n=150),were coincident to flow cytometry result.【Conclusion】The cultivars of C.reticulata exhibited hexaploidy,octoploidy and decaploidy.The abundant cell ploidy would provide a significant basis for the further studies on inheritance and evolution of polyploidy,as well as parents selection for cross breeding.

关 键 词：滇山茶 栽培品种 多倍化 杂交 流式细胞术 

分 类 号：S718.46[农业科学—林学]