新疆杨与北抗杨抗光肩星天牛特性的比较  

Comparision of the Resistant Characteristics of Populus alba var. pyramidalis and Populus deltoides cl. Beikang to Damages against Anoplophora glabripennis( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

作　　者：王志刚[1] 苏智[1] 刘明虎[1] 赵英铭[1] 张格[1] 崔振荣[2] 淡慧丽 陈星明[2] Wang Zhigang;Su Zhi;Liu Minghu;Zhao Yingming;Zhang Ge;Cui Zhenrong;Dan Huili;Chen Xingming(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,CAF Dengkou 015200;Bayannor Forest Bureau,Inner Mongolia Linhe 015000)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,磴口015200 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市林业局,临河015000

出　　处：《林业科学》2018年第9期89-96,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2017MB025)

摘　　要：【目的】研究北抗杨与当前西北干旱区绿洲防护林主栽树种新疆杨的抗虫性差异,为在西北绿洲区推广北抗杨提供参考。【方法】1999年中国林业科学研究院林业研究所韩一凡课题组提供北抗杨家系6个优选无性系(16-4、16-8、16-17、16-18、16-22、16-27)。2003―2011年向内蒙古巴彦淖尔市磴口县城区投放北抗杨家系6个优选无性系、新疆杨等共18个杨树品种,进行多品种抗性比选以及观察纯林抗性小区试验,共104株,面积2.72 hm2;2013年在临河区、磴口县、杭锦后旗各投放1 000株北抗杨,以新疆杨为对照树种,开展疫区扩大试验。解剖被害木内光肩星天牛虫道,分析新疆杨和北抗杨上光肩星天牛产卵、孵化、幼虫取食、发育的差异;调查疫区扩大试验林光肩星天牛产卵和羽化情况,分析新疆杨和北抗杨纯林中虫口演进趋势的差异。【结果】新疆杨树皮对光肩星天牛成虫产卵具有较强的选择抗性;光肩星天牛小幼虫很少取食新疆杨的形成层和韧皮部,主要靠取食木质部完成发育。因此,新疆杨树皮破损小、容易愈合,而木质部受害严重,光肩星天牛成虫羽化率达25.8%。北抗杨树皮对光肩星天牛成虫产卵的选择抗性较弱;光肩星天牛小幼虫先取食北抗杨的形成层和韧皮部,造成树皮掌状凹陷,产卵刻槽愈合后形成较大的瘢痕,对树皮外观损伤较大;但北抗杨形成层、韧皮部、木质部对光肩星天牛从小幼虫到成虫羽化出孔各个阶段的发育均表现出很强的抗性,最后成虫的羽化率仅为0.25%。【结论】新疆杨具有较强的选择抗性和耐害性,但发育抗性弱,在无人为干预的情况下纯林虫口密度累进增大,抗性不能持久,危害多年后出现枯梢,木质部虫道密布,木材利用价值降低。北抗杨选择抗性较弱,但发育抗性很强,纯林抗性持久稳定,在无人为干预的情况下被害木木质部内虫道很少,木材被害轻【Objective】In this study,the resistant difference between Populus deltoides cl.Beikang(PDB)and Populus alba var.pyramidalis(PAP)against Anoplophora glabripennis(ALB)in northwest China was investigated to provide reference for selecting resistant popular varieties plating in Arid and semi-Arid regions of Northwestern China.【Method】Six preferred clones of PDB(16-4,16-8,16-17,16-18,16-22,16-27)were provided by Prof.Han Yifan research group of the Forestry Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry in 1999.From 2003 to 2011,18 poplar varieties,including 6 PDB asexual lines as well as PAP,were selected to screen multi species and pure forest resistance test that was conducted in experimental plots in Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia,and 104 individuals of the clones in an area of 2.72 hm 2 were observed in a pure forest resistance experimental plots.In 2013,1 000 PDB trees were planted,with PAP served as the control,to carry out expanded experiments in the epidemic area of the Linhe District,Dengkou County,and Hangjinhou County.The differences of the oviposition,egg hatching,larval feeding and development of ALB in PAP and PDB were dissected to analyze the spawning and emergence of ALB in the epidemic area,and to analyze the difference in the insect’s evolution trend in PAP and PDB.【Result】It was showed that PAP bark had strong selective resistance to ALB adult oviposition.The ALB larvae seldom fed the phloem of PAP,and mainly depended on feeding xylem to complete their development.Therefore,PAP bark was damaged slightly,while PAP xylem was seriously affected with the ALB adult emergence rate 25.8%.PDB bark had weaker resistance to ALB adult oviposition selection.ALB larvae fed the cambium and phloem of PDB,resulting in the palm like depression of the bark and the spawning grooves healed to form a larger scar.The damage to the bark appearance was serious;however,the PDB cambium,phloem,and xylem showed a strong resistance to the development of each larval stage and to the emergence and emergence of the a

关 键 词：新疆杨 北抗杨 光肩星天牛 发育抗性 抗虫性 

分 类 号：S763.30[农业科学—森林保护学]