太平天国时期江南地区的社会恐慌——兼谈太平军恐怖形象之成因  

Social Panic in Jiangnan Area during the War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:Concurrently Talk about the Causes of the Horrible Image of the Taiping Army

作　　者：刘晨[1] LIU Chen(Department of History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《安徽史学》2018年第5期131-141,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2017M620489)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：太平天国时期,一场遍及江南、造成大量人口损失的社会恐慌风潮迅猛蔓延。民众迁徙避乱和自杀殉难是战时社会恐怖的两个重要表征,而战争、灾荒瘟疫和生产破坏等所致物价飞涨是社会恐慌的共同诱因。究其根源,还在于民众对太平军恐怖形象的巨大恐慌。民众对太平军的恐惧,既有先天立场和观念的排拒,也有在政治宣传、时人传述、匪盗栽赃、谶语谣言和太平天国社会战略弊端等多项因素作用下形成的后天观念和利益对立,同时也存在求生求安和从众的心态。需要强调的是,既然社会恐慌和太平军恐怖形象的形成并非只是太平军主观作为所致,那么在区分咸同兵燹之责时,也不能完全归咎于太平军一身,除战争、灾疫等客观环境外,还应看到交战主体的其他方面,如清军、团练、外国雇佣军和土匪等的害民之举,这一点在评判太平天国功过是非时自须正视。During the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,a social panic unrest which caused a large loss of population spread rapidly all over the Jiangnan area.The two important characterizations of social terror were refuge and suicide,which caused by warfare,famine,plague and soaring prices.The cause of social panic lay on the Taiping’s horrible image.Generally,the people’s fears of the Taiping army were accountable for many reasons as following:congenital antagonism;acquired antagonism in the effect of political propaganda,record at that time,bandits’backstab,rumor,prophecy and the disadvantages of the social strategy;in addition,the survival and group psychology.It should be emphasized that the Taiping cannot be totally blamed for the war responsibility which is just like that the Taiping’s subjective action is not the unique reason of the social panic and Taiping’s horrible image.Besides the objective environment,attention should be paid to the destruction caused by the Qing army,Tuan lien,mercenary troop and bandits,which we should take into account when giving judges on the merits and demerits of the Taiping.

关 键 词：太平天国 社会恐慌 太平军 恐怖形象 江南 

分 类 号：K254.9[历史地理—历史学]