畜牧粪便堆沤过程中磷素转化与流失风险分析  

Phosphorus transformation and loss risk during heap retting with livestock manure

作　　者：金文博 殷长青 王毅[1] 左双苗 肖润林[1,2] JIN Wen-bo;YIN Chang-qing;WANG Yi;ZUO Shuang-miao;XIAO Run-lin(Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Changsha Research Station for Agricultural&Environmental Monitoring,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Agricultural Bureau of Dongkou County,Hunan Province,Dongkou 422300,China;Soil and Water Conservation Office,Water Resources Department of Hunan Province,Changsha,410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙农业环境观测研究站,长沙410125 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]湖南省邵阳市洞口县农业局,湖南洞口422300 [5]湖南省水利厅水土保持处,长沙410007

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第9期2037-2044,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目(湘水科计(2016)-SB-01);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800100)

摘　　要：循环利用畜禽养殖粪便中的磷素是解决农业资源短缺和环境污染的重要途径。为了探寻亚热带农业区常规方式下养殖粪便中磷含量变化规律和环境流失风险,本研究模拟传统农户的固体堆沤方式,对猪粪和牛粪混合秸秆进行为期两个月的自然堆沤发酵试验,测定全磷、无机磷、有机磷、水溶性磷、柠檬酸提取态磷、Olsen-P指标。研究结果表明:(1)不同物料发酵磷素在化学形态上存在明显差异,猪粪发酵磷组分含量:水溶性磷>Olsen-P≈柠檬酸提取态磷,牛粪发酵:柠檬酸提取态磷>水溶性磷>OlsenP,且猪粪堆体中各形态磷含量高于牛粪;(2)猪粪堆沤过程中存在明显无机磷向有机磷转化过程,提高了堆体有机磷和全磷含量,但是这种现象在牛粪堆沤过程中不明显;(3)猪粪在堆沤过程中由于微生物发酵引发的有机质的快速分解和损失,会"浓缩"堆体中磷素含量,从而加剧堆沤过程中全磷的降雨径流流失风险,因此在降雨频繁的地区和传统农户固体自然堆沤方式下,虽然猪粪堆沤发酵能更好地提高养殖废弃物中磷素有效性,但也应当注意堆沤过程中的潜在径流流失环境风险。Recycling the phosphorus in livestock manure is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural resources and to decrease environmental pollution risks.The present study compared the heap retting processes of pig manure and cow manure to determine phosphorus transformation,and to estimate the environmental losses risked in subtropical agricultural areas.Therefore,the total phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus,organic phosphorus,water-soluble phosphorus,citric acid extracted phosphorus,and Olsen-P indexes were determined during the two months of heap retting experiment.The results suggested the following:(1)the chemical composition of phosphorus differed between the heap retting processes of pig and cow manure in view of the phosphorus levels,which were:water-soluble phosphorus>Olsen-P≈citric acid extracted phosphorus in pig manure,and citric acid extracted phosphorus>water soluble phosphorus>Olsen-P in cow manure.All forms of phosphorus content in pig manure were higher than those in cow manure.(2)Large quantities of inorganic phosphorus were transformed into organic phosphorus and hence,increased the organic phosphorus and the total phosphorus content of pig manure;however,this phenomenon was not obvious for the cow manure.(3)The rapid excretion and loss of organic matter due to microbial fermentation,concentrated the phosphorus contents of pig manure,increased the loss risk of total phosphorus through over-land runoffs during the heap retting process.Therefore,in areas with frequent rainfall,although the heap retting treatment can improve the phosphorus availability in pig manure,additional attention should be paid to the potential environmental risk of runoff-losses during the heap retting process.

关 键 词：堆沤 全磷 有效磷 有机磷 流失风险 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]