能源富集区土壤重金属污染与生态安全研究——以陕北为例  

Study on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Security in Energy-enriched Areas: A Case Study of Northern Shaanxi, China

作　　者：段艺芳 任志远[1] 张翀 孙艺杰[1] DUAN Yifang;REN Zhiyuan;ZHANG Chong;SUN Yijie(College of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;College of Environment and Planning,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Modeling,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119 [2]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252000 [3]宝鸡文理学院陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第9期1758-1767,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371523)

摘　　要：基于构建的生态安全指标体系和表层土壤样点数据,运用模糊综合评价法和指示克里格法进行生态安全评价和土壤重金属风险评估,结合宏观层面的生态安全评价和微观层面的土壤重金属风险评价划定了陕北生态热点区,提取出应对土壤重金属污染的优先保护区域,旨在明晰陕北能源区内生态安全状况以及土壤重金属生态风险情况,为该区土壤重金属污染控制和土壤保护与修复提供依据。结果表明,20世纪80年代以来的20余年间,陕北地区土地生态系统整体处于临界安全状态,其中西北部等级最低,南部等级最高,而能源开采区中只有煤炭典型开采Ⅱ区处于中度安全级别,其余各能源区均处于临界安全状态。各种重金属生态风险在空间上均表现出由南向北、由东南向西北逐渐增加的分布特点。陕北土壤重金属受能源开采影响明显,3类能源开采对土壤重金属影响的程度表现为天然气>煤炭>石油。陕北地区生态热点区中的高热区主要分布在黄陵县、黄龙县中南部和富县西北部;而中低热区主要分布在延安地区中部以南区域。陕北地区应对重金属污染的优先保护区域为延安地区中部的中—低热点区的过渡区以及洛川县。对于能源开采区而言,煤炭开采Ⅱ区及其10 km缓冲区也可划定为应对重金属污染的优先保护区,但该保护区内的土壤重金属综合潜在风险指数已接近生态危害较强等级,因此,应适当加强生态环境的保护和修复,使该区的生态环境保持可持续性。Based on the Pressure-State-Response Model index system and surface soils samples,using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and indicator Kriging,the land ecological security and potential risks based on soil heavy metals in northern Shaanxi were evaluated,and the ecological hotspots in northern Shaanxi were determined by combining macro and micro indices.Then the priority protection zones for dealing with soil heavy metal pollution were designated,in order to clarify the ecological safety status and the ecological risk of heavy metals and provide the basis for the soil heavy metal pollution control and soil conservation and restoration in the Northern Shaanxi energy-enriched areas.Results were as follows:From the 1980s to the 2000s,the ecological security in northern Shaanxi was at a critical safety level overall.The ecological security was at the lowest level in the northwest of this region,but was high in the south.Among the three kinds of energy exploitation regions,only the second mine exploitation region was moderately safe,while the others were at the critical safety level.Spatially,the ecological risk of various heavy metals tended to increase gradually from south to north and from southeast to northeast.Heavy metals in soils were influenced mainly by energy exploitation,and the comprehensive potential risks of soil heavy metals in energy exploitation regions were in the following order:gas>coal>oil.The regions with high ecological hotspots were mainly distributed in Huangling County,south central Huanglong County,and northwest of Fuxian County;and the regions with medium or low hotspots were mainly distributed in the south central Yan’an Region.For northern Shaanxi,the priority zones for protection from heavy metal pollution were distributed in the central Yan’an Region,with medium-low hotspots,and in Luochuan County.Regarding the exploitation regions,the coal miningⅡregion and its surroundings were designated priority protection zones,but the comprehensive potential risks from soil heavy metals in this

关 键 词：生态安全 指示克里格 土壤重金属 生态热点 陕北 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4