清代四川(州)县对文庙的官方祭祀——兼及清末民初文庙的废祀  

The Official Sacrifice to the Temple of Confucius in Sichuan of Late Qing——Referring to Abolishing Sacrifice to the Temple of Confucius in Late Qing and Early Republican China

作　　者：赵娓妮 里赞[2] Zhao Weini;Li Zan

机构地区：[1]四川大学灾后重建与管理学院 [2]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期124-134,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"民国时期荣县档案整理与研究"(13&ZD152)

摘　　要：传统的中国官方祭祀制度至少起源于汉代并一直延续到清末民初。这一制度在传统社会生活中具有重要的影响,祀典中所规定的这部分内容被视为"大经大法",视同国家的基本法律,但过往的研究甚少从法律制度规范的角度来看待这一问题。清代(州)县的文庙祭祀活动及其相关过程彰显了对传统儒道的尊崇,亦揭示了(州)县基层社会中对文庙学宫事宜及其他相关地方公共事务的高度自我管理的特点。清末民初的废祀不仅终止了包括文庙祭祀在内的存在了两千多年的祭祀制度,使儒家道统地位受到根本性的威胁,在文庙废祀的过程中,亦引发了一系列社会变化:由长期资助而积累的地方集体财产因充公而流失殆尽,原有的以高度自我管理为特征的基层社会秩序也遭到彻底的破坏。The traditional Chinese official sacrificial ceremony originated from the Han dynasty and continued until late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.This practice has had an important influence in traditional social life.The ceremony of recording and regulating this sacrificial practice is regarded as the“Supreme Law”,which is part of the basic law of the country.Few previous studies have looked at this issue from the perspective of legal system norms.In Qing dynasty,Confucian Temple worship and its related process embody the respect of traditional Confucianism,and also reveal the high level of self-management of public matters in the local society.The abolition of sacrifice took place in late Qing and early Republican period,terminating the temple worship which had lasted more than two thousand years,and threatening the orthodoxy position of Confucianism.In the process of abolishing Confucius Temple sacrifice,a series of social changes took place:the confiscation of private property ended the collective wealth accumulated through donation,and the self-management of local society completely disappeared.

关 键 词：官方祭祀 文庙 清代(州)县 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史]