基于刺网和地笼渔获物的人工鱼礁区资源丰度比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Fishery Resource of Artificial Reefs Based on Gillnet and Cage Catches

作　　者：方光杰 孙利元 唐衍力[1] 杨文昭 王佳琦 FANG Guang-Jie;SUN Li-Yuan;TANG Yan-Li;YANG Wen-Zhao;WANG Jia-Qi(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Hydrobios Resources Conservation and Management Center,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]山东省水生生物资源养护管理中心,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第A01期23-33,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：山东省海洋与渔业厅"山东省资源增殖型人工鱼礁建设效果评价";"山东半岛近岸海域生态模拟试验"和"人工鱼礁区渔业资源调查"项目资助~~

摘　　要：2013—2015年在山东小石岛和俚岛人工鱼礁区用刺网和地笼进行了6次渔业资源调查,并利用丰度和丰富度2个指标比较分析了2种网具的渔获物组成。研究表明,2个鱼礁区共捕获65种生物,其中,地笼和刺网分别捕获52种和48种,2种网具捕获的生物种类相似性均较高,索伦森指数S分别为0.66和0.58;相似性分析检验(ANOSIM)和t检验结果均表明,地笼捕获的生物种类与生物数量均高于刺网,但无显著差异;基于距离的置换多元方差分析(PER-MANOVA)得到鱼礁区生物资源丰度与地理位置以及年份显著相关,而与网具类型和季节无显著关系;累积种类数量图表明地笼相较刺网可以捕获更多生物种类;大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)的体长分布曲线表明,地笼捕获样品的体长范围大于刺网,但刺网捕获样品的规格显著大于地笼。综合分析认为,地笼和刺网2种调查网具的混合采样,可弥补单一调查网具的不足,以更加全面了解人工鱼礁区的生物群落结构。Artificial reefs constructed in Shandong Province serve as management tools and researching platforms.Richness and abundance of artificial reefs including Xiaoshidao and Lidao artificial reefs were surveyed with gillnet and cage from 2013 to 2015.A total of six parallel experiments were carried out in both artificial reefs.The results showed that a total of 65 species were observed,which included 38 species of fishes(58.5%),17 of crustaceans(26.2%),6 of echinoderms(9.2%)and 4 of mollusks(6.2%).With gillnet 48 species(73.8%)were caught while with cage 52 species(80%)were caught.Similarity analysis and t-test revealed that two nets were similar each other.The species caught with two nets were highly similar;Sorensen index was 0.66 and 0.58 for two artificial reefs,respectively.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance based on distance indicated that the abundance was relevant with years and locations,but not with months and nets.In two artificial reefs,gillnet caught more type A and type B species than cage;however,cage caught more type C and type D species which were mainly cephalopods and crustaceans.As for abundance,cage caught more species of four types than gillnet.According to the cumulative numbers of species caught from artificial reefs,it was found that cage caught more species than gillnet.Principal coordinate analysis showed that the biological composition of two nets was different significantly and each had its own bias.The relationships between some main species were high.Overall,cage was a better method than gillnet for examining the richness and abundance of artificial reefs,thus more applicable to studying invertebrates;however gillnet was more suitable than cage for studying fish.According to the body length frequency distribution of H.otakkiin and S.schlegeli,the sample of cage was more representative than gillnet;however,gillnet was more suitable than cage for catching large individuals.Given the limitations of two nets and the behavior difference between fishes,it was recommended that mon

关 键 词：人工鱼礁 渔业资源 刺网 地笼 丰度 丰富度 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]