我国水稻机插育秧发展现状  

Development Status of Rice Seedling Raising Technology for Mechanical Transplanting in China

作　　者：周晚来[1,2] 王朝云 易永健[1] 谭志坚 汪洪鹰[1] 杨媛茹[1] 余旺 易镇邪 ZHOU Wanlai;WANG Chaoyun;YI Yongjian;TAN Zhijian;WANG Hongying;YANG Yuanru;YU Wang;YI Zhenxie(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410205,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/South Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,长沙410205 [2]湖南农业大学农学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国稻米》2018年第5期11-15,共5页China Rice

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIPIBFC07);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610242016015);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31701372)

摘　　要：种植机械化是我国水稻生产全程机械化的关键,机械栽插是我国水稻种植机械化的主推技术,育秧是其中的关键环节。与手工插秧相比,机械插秧从群体和个体的角度对秧苗素质提出了更高要求,大大提高了育秧难度,这也是制约我国机械插秧推广应用的主要技术原因。本文基于对大量基层农技人员相关报道的梳理,在总结我国水稻机插秧推广应用中出现问题的基础上,分析了机插育秧与手插育秧的区别,及影响水稻机插秧苗群体和个体素质的几个主要因素,提出了机插育秧技术的研发方向。Planting mechanization is the key to the mechanization of rice production.Mechanical transplanting is the main productive technology of rice planting mechanization in China,and seedling raising is the key.Compared with manual transplanting,mechanical transplanting raises higher requirements for seedling quality in respect of both population and individual,which greatly increases the difficulty of seedling raising,which is also the main technical reason restricting the popularization and application of mechanical transplanting in China.This paper collated lots of reports from grass-roots agricultural scientific workers,summarized the problems emerged in the popularization and application of mechanical transplanting in China,analyzed the difference between the seedling raising for manual transplanting and for mechanical transplanting,expounded several main factors affecting the population and individual quality of rice seedling for mechanical transplanting,proposed the research and development direction of the technology of seedling raising for mechanical transplanting.

关 键 词：水稻 种植机械化 机插秧 育秧 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学]