表面活性剂对云爆剂固液分离的影响研究  

Influence of Surfactant on Solid-Liquid Separation of Fuel Air Explosive

作　　者：陈永康 安振涛 陈明华 张力 CHEN Yong-kang;AN Zhen-tao;CHEN Ming-hua;ZHANG Li(Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus,Shijiazhuang,050003;Ordnance Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang,050003)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学石家庄校区,河北石家庄050003 [2]特种勤务研究所,河北石家庄050003

出　　处：《火工品》2018年第4期49-53,共5页Initiators & Pyrotechnics

摘　　要：为解决固-液云爆剂组分的分离回收问题,采用添加表面活性剂的方法进行固液分离。首先对镁/水反应进行研究,通过量子化学方法计算得到反应势能曲线,计算表明反应的活化能较高;通过实验确定了镁粉的消耗量,并计算反应速率,发现低温下的反应速率较低,镁粉转化率较低;此外,通过毛细上升实验测定了接触角,结果表明添加表面活性剂后,接触角变大,体系的润湿程度降低;最终进行了固液分离实验,添加表面活性剂CATB的分离效果最好,镁粉回收率为98.06%,硝酸异丙酯回收率为92.58%。Aimed at the problem of the solid-liquid separation of the components of fuel air explosive,the method of adding surfactant was carried out.Firstly,the magnesium/water reaction was studied.The potential energy curve was calculated by means of quantum chemistry.It is found that the activation energy is high.The consumption of magnesium powder was determined by experiments,and the reaction rate was calculated.It is found that the reaction rate is slow at low temperature,the conversion rate of magnesium is low.Meanwhile,the contact angle was determined by experiments.It is shown that the contact angle becomes larger after adding surfactant,which means the degree of wetting of system decrease.At last,the fuel air explosive was separated by centrifugal separation and vacuum separation method,it showed that the separation effect of adding CATB surfactant is the best,the recovery of magnesium is 98.06%,and that of isopropyl nitrate reaches 92.58%.

关 键 词：云爆剂 固液分离 镁/水反应 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TQ560.9[化学工程—炸药化工]