《音韵清浊鉴》所反映的十八世纪初北京话声韵概貌  

An Overview of the Phonology of Pekinese in the Early Eighteenth Century Reflected in Yinyun Qing Zhuo Jian

作　　者：宋峰[1] 杨亦鸣 Song Feng;Yang Yiming(College of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210046;School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221009)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,江苏徐州221009

出　　处：《语言科学》2018年第5期449-466,共18页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：本文受到国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA301)的资助。

摘　　要：清初《音韵清浊鉴》是一部备受《四库提要》訾议的韵学著作,其所隐含的普通话音史价值未得到重视。该书声母和韵母部分不同符合契:声母部分采用传统三十六字母,保留全浊音;韵母部分则借鉴《中原音韵》的韵部系统,保留闭口韵部。其实声母所保留的全浊音仅在于明音变,而非时音;韵母所保留的三个闭口韵只因尊奉《中原音韵》使然,亦非时音。文章采用透视分离法的研究思路,将《音韵清浊鉴》复杂声韵系统中与反映时音无关的信息剥离出去,得出十八世纪初北京一带的实际声韵状况(声母22个,韵母37个)。Yinyun Qing Zhuo Jian(《音韵清浊鉴》)in the early Qing Dynasty is a rhyme book that was highly criticized by the Siku Tiyao(《四库提要》)and its implied value in the history of Putonghua has been undervalued.The organization of initials and finals in the book follows different phonological systems:The initial part adopts the traditional 36 initials and retains all voicedness,whereas the rhyme part draws on the rhyme system of Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韵》)and retains the closed rhymes.In fact,the reserved voicedness in the initials is to illuminate sound change rather than indicate the phonology at that time.The reserved three closed rhymes are so arranged as to follow the principles of Zhongyuan Yinyun and do not reflect the phonology at that time,either.We have adopted the research ideas of perspective separation commonly used in the study of modern sounds,peeling off the information in the phonological system of Yinyun Qing Zhuo Jian that are unrelated to the phonology at the time and come out with the actual phonology of Pekinese in the early 18th century,including 22 initials and 37 finals.

关 键 词：《音韵清浊鉴》 透视分离法 十八世纪初 北京话声韵系统 

分 类 号：H114.9[语言文字—汉语]