形名组合的出现率:词长搭配和“的”字隐现  

A Frequency Study of [AN] Nominals in Chinese:Length Patterns and Hidden“De”

作　　者：薛亚红[1,2] 端木三 Xue Yahong;Duanmu San(College of Foreign Languages,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012;Department of Linguistics,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor MI 48109)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学外国语学院,吉林长春130012 [2][美]密歇根大学语言学系,密歇根州安娜堡市48109

出　　处：《语言科学》2018年第5期479-495,共17页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：本文得到了吉林大学基本科研业务费项目--种子基金项目(2013zz031)、2017吉林省高等教育教学改革研究课题重点项目的资助。

摘　　要：形名组合指形容词直接修饰名词的定中结构。词长搭配主要指2+2、2+1、1+2、1+1这四种形式。"的"字隐现指"的"字可有可无且基本同义的情况,如"特殊(的)问题"、"正确(的)方向"等。关于形名组合出现率的量化研究不多。祁峰和端木三(2015)对四种形名词长搭配进行了量化考察,但是没有考虑"的"字隐现问题,结果不够精确。文章以"兰卡斯特汉语语料库"为语料来源,通过"的"字隐现的语感实验,对"的"字隐现情况进行了明确定义。然后,排除"的"字隐现情况,重新进行了统计。研究发现,在真正无"的"的四种词长搭配中,2+1的出现率(类频)不到5%,与前人看法相似,而2+2的出现率不到2%,大大低于前人估计。研究表明,和2+1一样,真正无"的"的2+2形名组合在汉语中不是能产的结构,而是受限制的结构。We use[AN]to refer to nominal structures in which an adjective directly modifies a noun.We consider four length patterns 2+2,2+1,1+2,and 1+1,where 1 is a monosyllable and 2 a disyllable.We use hidden“de”(的)(where“de”is a grammatical particle)to refer to cases where[AN]and[A“de”N]are interchangeable and synonymous.Qi and Duanmu(2015)examined the frequencies of the four length patterns of[AN],without considering the effect of hidden“de”,which has affected the accuracy of their results.We offer a new study of the four length patterns of[AN],using the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese.Our study includes an experiment to gather judgment data on the distribution patterns of hidden“de”in various cases.Our results show that,when hidden“de”is excluded,the frequency of 2+1 is below 5%,in agreement with previous observations.On the other hand,the frequency of 2+2 is below 2%,far lower than previous estimates.We conclude that both 2+1 and 2+2[AN]are unproductive and highly restricted structures in Chinese.

关 键 词：形名组合 词长搭配 “的”字隐现 小分枝结构 韵律词 音步屏蔽 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]