内充种组合型孔式播量可调棉花精量排种器设计与试验  

Design and experiment of inside-filling adjustable precision seed-metering device with combined hole for cotton

作　　者：周勇[1] 胡梦杰[1] 夏俊芳[1] 张国忠[1] 徐照耀 冯闯闯 唐楠锐 刘德柱 Zhou Yong;Hu Mengjie;Xia Junfang;Zhang Guozhong;Xu Zhaoyao;Feng Chuangchuang;Tang Nanrui;Liu Dezhu(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第18期59-67,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD08B02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662015PY070和2012ZYTS022)

摘　　要：为改善内充种式排种器用于棉花排种时易出现剪切伤种、内窝孔口堵塞以及播量无法调节的问题,该文设计了一种组合式阶梯状充填孔的播量可调式棉花精量排种器。以含水率为11.01%(湿基)的"鄂抗棉-10"棉种为试验对象,采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验,分析了内窝孔深度、入种口高度与排种盘转速对排种性能的影响规律,并获得了上述3因素的最佳工作参数组合。试验结果表明:排种器工作时种子破损率较低,凹型充填孔更适宜于棉花直播作业,影响排种器排种合格率的主次因素依次为排种盘转速≥内窝孔深度≥入种口高度,在内窝孔深度7.7 mm、入种口高度62.9mm、排种盘转速23.52 r/min时,排种合格率((2±1)粒/穴)为96.23%,漏播率(0粒/穴)为1.85%,重播率(大于3粒/穴)为1.92%,破损率为0.17%,满足棉花精量直播农艺要求。试验结果表明,阶梯状充填孔有延长清种时间与约束充种形态的作用,可减少排种器种子破损率3.73%,提高精量排种质量,可为内充种式排种器结构设计与优化提供参考。In order to improve the status quo that mechanical direct seeding level for cotton is insufficient in the Yellow River basin,a kind of inside-filling precision seed-metering device with stepped filling holes which can reduce the shearing damage on seeds and blocking of nest inside hole was designed.To realize stepless adjustment of the seeding rate,a composite seeding plate which consists of inner seeding plate,lug and outer seeding plate assembled by bolts and nuts was adopted.This paper set forth the working principle of inside-filling seed-metering device and determined the general structure along with necessary parameters of key components.The cotton seed variety Ekangmian-10 with moisture content 11.01%(wet basis)was selected as experimental object.Before testing,all of the cotton seeds had been delinted and coated,and there were no damaged cotton seeds after manual selection.In bench test,the single factor experiment was performed on the seed-metering device.The factor was the shape of filling hole which was changed by replacing lugs,so as to study the effect of shape of filling hole on seeding performance and the optimal one was used for cotton direct seeding.Based on pre-experiments,the nest inside hole depth,seed entrance height and seeding plate rotational speed were taken as main impact factors and the qualified rate,reseeding rate,miss seeding rate and damage rate of seeding were taken as the test indexes.Then quadratic regression rotation-orthogonal combination experiment with concave filling hole was executed.The regression model was established and the influence law of various factors on test indexes was analyzed.Through the tests above,the optimal combination of each factor was obtained.The results indicated that the structural design of anti-injury was reasonable due to the low damage rate,and the concave filling holes are more suitable for cotton direct seeding than straight and convex filling holes.Due to its small volume and the incapability of cotton seeds filling into the hole smoothly under

关 键 词：农业机械 种子 设计 内充种式 排种器 精量直播 阶梯状充填孔 棉花 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]