稻草全量还田替代部分化肥对双季稻田土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Replacement Part Chemical Fertilizer with Total Rice Straw Incorporation on Double Cropping Paddy Field Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：范呈根 吴建富[1] 曾研华[1] 潘晓华[1] 陈荣华 申昌优 张祖清 FAN Cheng-gen;WU Jian-fu;ZENG Yan-hua(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;Upland Crop Sciences Research Institute,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省赣州市旱作物科学研究所,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第27期134-136,146,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301601-01);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B12);江西省科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BNA03800);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2016M600512)

摘　　要：[目的]研究稻草全量还田替代部分化肥对双季稻田土壤理化性质的影响。[方法]研究等量氮磷钾养分施入条件下,连续7年机械化稻草全量还田减施化肥(SIF)、烧灰还田减施化肥(SBF)、单施化肥(F)和不施肥(CK)对双季稻田土壤理化性质的影响。[结果]在等量氮磷钾养分投入条件下,与SBF和F处理相比,SIF处理能明显降低土壤容重,均减少0.06 g/cm3,增加土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、田间持水量和最大持水量,平衡土壤水、气状况,而前两者差异不显著;与F处理相比,SIF处理可以减缓土壤酸化,提高0.1个p H,土壤有机质增加0.83 g/kg,全氮和速效硅分别提高2.92%和42.19%,从而提高土壤肥力。土壤固碳量和固碳速率均呈SIF>F>SBF的趋势,在固碳减排上稻草还田具有更大优势。[结论]该研究为稻草资源有效利用和土壤合理培肥途径提供理论依据和技术指导。[Objective]To study effects of replacement part chemical fertilizer with total rice straw incorporation on double cropping paddy field soil physical and chemical properties.[Method]Under the conditions of the same amount nutrient inputted of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,effect of full mechanized straw incorporation and reducing inorganic fertilizers application(SIF),straw burning and reducing inorganic fertilizers application(SBF),inorganic fertilizers alone application(F),and straw non-incorporation and no chemical fertilizer(CK)for serial seven years on soil physical and chemical properties was studied.[Result]Under the conditions of the same amount nutrient inputted of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,compared with SBF and F,SIF treatment could significantly reduce the soil bulk density,reduced 0.06 g/cm 3,increase the soil total porosity,air porosity and field capacity and maximum water holding capacity,balance soil water and gas conditions,but no significant difference of the first two treatments;compared with F,SIF could slow the soil acidification,its PH was increased 0.1;the soil organic matter was increased 0.83 g/kg,the total nitrogen was 2.92%,effective silicon was 42.19%,so as to improve soil fertility.For the soil carbon fixation and rate,SIF was higher than F,F was higher than SBF,straw returning had a greater advantage in the carbon sequestration.[Conclusion]The study provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the effective utilization of straw resources and the rational way of soil fertilizing.

关 键 词：稻草全量还田 双季稻田 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]