黄河典型支流入干区底栖动物群落结构特征比较研究  

Comparative Study on Macroinvertebrate Communities in Confluence Areas from Typical Tributaries to Mainstream of the Yellow River

作　　者：谢元 蒋晓辉[3] 王婷[2] 许旭明[2] 倪晋仁 XIE Yuan;JIANG Xiaohui;WANG Ting;XU Xuming;NI Jinren(School of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences(MOE),Department of Environmental Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院,深圳518055 [2]北京大学环境工程系,教育部水沙科学重点实验室,北京100871 [3]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期1067-1076,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91647211)资助

摘　　要：基于2015年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)在黄河流域湟水、汾河、渭河和洛河等入干支流采集的底栖动物样品,开展支流入干区底栖动物群落结构特征比较研究。监测结果表明,春秋两季在各支流入干区采集到的底栖动物种属数量排序为洛河(28种)>湟水(26种)>汾河(23种)>渭河(17种);支流入干区春秋两季优势功能摄食类群皆为牧食收集者(除洛河在秋季以刮食者为主外)。底栖动物群落的除趋势对应分析表明,底质对底栖动物群落分布起重要作用,水草等水生植物的存在利于底栖动物生存。进一步地,底栖动物群落与环境因子的冗余分析表明,p H和电导率是影响底栖动物群落的关键因子。从物种组成、密度、生物量、功能摄食类群和群落与生境因子关系等方面研究了底栖动物的群落结构,较为系统地揭示了黄河主要支流入干区的底栖动物分布特征,研究结果可为黄河水生生物群落结构的系统性研究提供支撑。The benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the confluence areas from tributaries to mainstream could play an important role in understanding interactions between materials flows from rivers and their ecological consequences.Based on monitoring on conducted in the four typical tributaries(Huangshui River,Fenhe River,Weihe River and Luohe River)to the Yellow River during spring and autumn in 2015,the characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities are systematically compared.As results,sorted by the number of macroinvertebrate species in both seasons for all confluences,Luohe River(28)>Huangshui River(26)>Fenhe River(23)>Weihe River(17).Moreover,the collecter-gather becomes dominant functional feeding group in both seasons for all confluences except scraper dominated in autumn in Luohe River.Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)reveals that substrate is of significance in structuring benthic macroinvertebrate communities.The survival of aquatic plants seems more favorable to survival of benthic macroinvertebrate.Furthermore,Redundancy Analysis(RDA)suggests that benthic macroinvertebrate communities are mainly influenced by pH and conductivity.The present study provides new information on species composition,density,biomass,functional feeding group of benthic macroinvertebrate communities,and the relationship between macroinvertebrate communities and habitat factors,which would be of particular use to deeper understand the aquatic organism in the Yellow River receiving tributaries,which are interfered to various degree by human activities.

关 键 词：黄河 支流入干区 底栖动物 群落结构 底质 环境因子 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]