基于实际道路测试的大型客车排放特征研究  

Characteristics of exhaust from heavy-duty coaches on real-world conditions

作　　者：张会松 吴琳 魏宁 张衍杰 马超 毛洪钧 尹建道[2] 李彭辉[2] 李东 ZHANG Huisong;WU Lin;WEI Ning;ZHANG Yanjie;MA Chao;MAO Hongjun;YIN Jiandao;LI Penghui;LI Dong(Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071;College of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384;Tianjin Vehicle Emission Control Centre,Tianjin 300191)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,城市交通污染防治研究中心,天津300071 [2]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384 [3]天津市机动车排污检控中心,天津300191

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2018年第9期1027-1032,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.21607081);科技部科技基础性工作专项(No.2013FY112700-05)。

摘　　要：应用车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对天津市4辆大型客车(国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油车和国Ⅴ液化天然气车)进行了实际道路尾气排放测试。结果表明,3辆柴油车CO、NOx、总碳氢化合物(THC)和颗粒物(PM)的平均排放因子分别为3.435、6.431、0.131、0.324g/km,天然气车CO、NOx、THC和PM的排放因子分别为1.240、17.451、6.535、0.003g/km。总体看来,3辆柴油车的污染物排放速率随着排放标准的提高而降低,与其相比,天然气车的CO和PM排放速率相对较低,而NOx和THC排放速率较高;4辆大型客车各污染物排放速率在加速工况下排放速率最高,怠速工况下排放速率最低。随着国Ⅳ柴油车行驶速度从0~<20km/h提高到80~<100km/h,尾气温度逐渐上升,选择性催化还原装置对NOx的削减率可从41.8%升高到64.5%。In this paper,the portable emission measurement system(PEMS)was applied to collected the emission data of four heavy-duty coaches(ChinaⅢ,ChinaⅣ,ChinaⅤdiesel buses and ChinaⅤliquefied natural gas(LNG)bus in Tianjin.The results showed that the average CO,NO x,total hydrocarbon(THC)and particulate matter(PM)emission factors of three diesel buses were 3.435,6.431,0.131,0.324 g/km;for LNG bus,they were 1.240,17.451,6.535,0.003 g/km.In short,for three diesel buses,stricter vehicle emission standards had more successfully reduced pollutant emission.CO and PM emission of LNG bus was relatively lower,while NO x and THC emission was higher compared with diesel buses.The emission of four heavy-duty coaches was the highest in the accelerating condition and lowest in the idle condition.As ChinaⅣdiesel bus driving speed increased from 0-<20 km/h to 80-<100 km/h,the exhaust gas temperature gradually increased and selective catalytic reduction(SCR)device on NO x removal efficiency could be increased from 41.8%to 64.5%.

关 键 词：车载排放测试系统 大型客车 排放因子 选择性催化还原 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]