法律叙事还是历史叙事:14—16世纪英国公簿租地农的兴起与发展  

A Legal or a Historical Narrative:The Rise and Development of English Copyholders from the 14th to the 16th Centuries

作　　者：黄春高[1] Huang Chungao

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,教授北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2018年第4期123-144,191,共23页Historical Research

摘　　要：关于14—16世纪英国公簿租地农,既往研究成果丰硕且深入,不过,仍然存在可以推进的学术空间。最为突出的现象是,从法律视角展开的叙事,支配着学界相关研究。不过,言必称法律,却不免造成对历史复杂性与多样性的遮蔽。从法律叙事来看,公簿租地农的兴起与发展历程,是从庄园法庭走向王室法庭。从历史叙事来看,这一历程则是前后两个阶段社会经济变迁结果的直接体现,更是领主意愿与庄园习惯所代表的领主与农民之间角力的呈现。将法律叙事与历史叙事结合,能够展示英国公簿租地农的真实图景。Copyholders formed the greater part of the landholding population in England.Previous research has been fruitful and far-reaching,but there is still space for further academic endeavors.The most noteworthy aspect is the way the legal perspective dominates the research narrative.However,the compulsory focus on law inevitably ignores historical complexity and diversity.In the legal narrative,the rise and developmental course of copyholding moved from manor courts to royal courts.But in the historical narrative,this process was a direct expression of two phases of social and economic change and of the tussle between the lord of the manor and the copyholders,as seen in the wishes of the former and in manorial customs.For a true picture of the English copyholders,one needs to combine the legal and the historical narratives.

关 键 词：公簿租地农 领主 庄园 习惯法 英国 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]