精准扶贫贵在精准识别:收入和多维视角的对比分析  

The Key to Precise Poverty Alleviation Rests in the Precise Identification of Impoverished Population:An Analysis of Comparing Income Poverty with Multidimensional Poverty

作　　者：张全红 李博 周强[2] ZHANG Quanhong;LI Bo;ZHOU Qiang(Hubei University of Economics,430205;Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,430072)

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院经济与环境资源学院 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院

出　　处：《财经智库》2018年第5期74-89,141,142,共18页Financial Minds

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"农民合作社社会资本的多维减贫效应及政策研究"(16BGL125);湖北省教育厅人文社会科学重大项目"湖北省创新精准扶贫工作机制研究"(16ZD031)

摘　　要：为实现2020年全面建成小康社会的目标,脱贫攻坚战须精准识别贫困人口。本文采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的农户数据,从收入和多维角度对比分析了我国农村2010—2014年的贫困程度和动态转换。研究发现,2014年我国农户收入贫困和多维贫困的重合度仅为18%,收入贫困概念遗漏了76%的多维贫困户,多维贫困概念遗漏了64%的收入贫困户,低教育程度户主家庭和中西部家庭更易同时陷入收入贫困和多维贫困。从动态转换看,这两种贫困测量之间也存在很大的偏差,2010—2012年收入脱贫户中仅24%的农户同时实现了多维脱贫,2012—2014年降为16%,但处于深度多维贫困状态的农户比例几乎没有下降。基于测算结果,本文主张结合收入贫困和多维贫困评价指数实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫政策,同时要高度关注深度贫困人群,使其在收入、教育、健康、卫生等多方面实现脱贫。For the success of the poverty elimination program as an important part of the strategy of completing the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects by 2020,it is necessary to precisely identify the impoverished populations.This paper focuses on the static and dynamic disparities between income poverty and multidimensional poverty with data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2010,2012 and 2014.The results show that the overlap between the two measures is 18%in 2014.In other words,76 percent multidimensional poverty households are not considered as the poor in terms of income poverty,and 64 percent income poverty households are not considered as the poor in terms of multidimensional poverty.People from a less educated background or central and western regions are more likely to be poor in both measures of poverty.There is a high level of disparity between the dynamics of the two measures of poverty.Among those who rose in the income dimension,only about 24 percent also rose in the multidimensional measure from 2010 to 2012,and decreased to 16 percent from 2012 to 2014,but the share of people that are extremely multidimensionally poor has hardly fallen.Based on our research,this paper suggests that China should adopt a comprehensive poverty standard including income poverty and multidimensional poverty and pay high attention to deep poverty in many aspects,such as income,education,health,sanitation and so on.

关 键 词：贫困人口 收入贫困 多维贫困 动态转换 

分 类 号：I38[文学—其他各国文学] O22[理学—运筹学与控制论]