不同炭化温度生物质炭对不同质地植烟土壤铵态氮含量的影响  

Effects of biomass carbonized with different temperature on ammonium nitrogen content in different tobacco-planting soil texures

作　　者：殷全玉[1] 许希希 孟晓楠 刘国顺[1] 张玉兰[1] 王宏 YIN Quanyu;XU Xixi;MENG Xiaonan;LIU Guoshun;ZHANG Yulan;WANG Hong(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Luoyang Tobacco Company,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]洛阳市烟草公司,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第5期881-887,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：中国烟草总公司浓香型特色优质烟叶开发重大专项[110201101001(TS-01)];洛阳市烟草公司项目(LYKJ201404)

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同温度(360和500℃)处理下的生物质炭与土壤质地(壤土和砂土)对0~30 cm土层铵态氮含量动态变化及土壤-烟株体系氮素表观损失量的影响,旨在探讨利用生物质炭改良植烟土壤技术途径。[方法]用蒸渗仪种植烟草,研究8种处理(RCK1:壤土,不施肥;RCK2:壤土,施化肥;RT1:壤土,施化肥,施360℃生物质炭;RT2:壤土,施化肥,施500℃生物质炭;SCK1:砂土,不施肥;SCK2:砂土,施化肥;ST1:砂土,施化肥,施360℃生物质炭;ST2:砂土,施化肥,施500℃生物质炭)不同土层NH_4^+-N含量的动态变化,并分析氮素表观损失量。[结果]在砂土中,低温炭处理显著提高了0~30 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量平均值,比对照高22.32%,其中0~10 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量增加显著,为36.88 mg·kg-1,比对照增加了31.82%;高温炭处理显著减少了0~30 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量平均值,比对照低10.79%,其中0~10 cm与10~20 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量均降低。在壤土中,NH_4^+-N含量平均值显著低于砂土。2种生物质炭处理下壤土0~30 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量与对照相比均无显著差异。低温炭与高温炭处理0~10 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量显著低于对照,分别减少了12.17%和25.34%,而10~20 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量分别比对照增加了2.48%和13.38%,20~30 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量分别比对照增加了32.14%和38.84%,且高温炭比低温炭表现更明显。施用生物质炭能减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量,低温炭比高温炭效果更好。各处理(RT1、RT2、ST1、ST2)分别比各自常规施肥对照减少了40.27%、34.10%、68.73%和54.05%(P<0.05)。[结论]在砂土中施用低温炭能增加NH_4^+-N含量,而施用高温炭NH_4^+-N含量减少。在壤土中2种生物质炭均可以使0~10 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量减少,而20~30 cm土层NH_4^+-N含量增加。施用生物质炭能减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量,低温炭比高温炭效果更显著。[Objectives]Research was conducted on the effects of biomass carbon under different temperature(360 and 500℃)treatments and soil texure(loam and sand)on the dynamic changes of ammonium nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer and the apparent loss of nitrogen in soil-tobacco system,and the purpose was to explore the use of biomass carbon modified tobacco soil technology.[Methods]With lysimeter planting tobacco,the dynamic changes of NH+4-N content from different soil layers in eight treatments(RCK1:loam,no fertilization;RCK2:loam,fertilization application;RT1:loam,fertilization application,360℃biomass carbon application;RT2:loam,fertilization application,500℃biomass carbon application;SCK1:sandy,no fertilization;SCK2:sandy,fertilization application;ST1:sandy,fertilization application,360℃biomass carbon application;ST2:sandy,fertilization application,500℃biomass carbon application)were studied,and the apparent loss of nitrogen was analyzed.[Results]In the sandy soil,low-temperature biochar treatment significantly increased the average value of NH+4-N content of 0-30 cm soil layer,which was 17.34 mg·kg-1,which was 22.32%higher than the control.The content of NH+4-N in 0-10 cm soil layer significantly increased,which was 36.88 mg·kg-1,which was 31.82%higher than that of the control.In the sandy soil,high temperature biochar treatment significantly reduced the average value of NH+4-N content in the 0-30 cm soil layer,which was 12.65 mg·kg-1,which was 10.79%lower than the control,in which the content of NH+4-N between 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer was reduced.In the loam,the average value of the NH+4-N content was significantly lower than that of the sand.There was no significant difference in the content of NH+4-N between the two biochar treatments compared with the control.However,from the soil layer distribution,the content of NH+4-N in the soil layer of 0-10 cm of low-temperature biochar and high-temperature biochar treatment was significantly lower than that of the control,reduced by 12.17%and 25

关 键 词：生物质炭 炭化温度 壤土 砂土 铵态氮 淋溶 氮素表观损失量 烟草 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]