三峡库区防护林林分结构特征与径流、泥沙输出的关系  

Relationship between Structure Characteristics and Outputs of Runoff and Sediment of Shelter Forests in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：田耀武[1,2] 黄志霖[2] 肖文发[2] 王聪 耿婉璐 TIAN Yao-wu;HUANG Zhi-lin;XIAO Wen-fa;WANG Cong;GENG Wan-lu(College of Forestry,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471003,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2018年第5期44-50,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD07B04)。

摘　　要：为揭示三峡库区防护林林分结构与径流、泥沙输出之关系,基于森林资源二类调查数据,把三峡库区秭归县茅坪镇中西部林区马尾松、杉木和针阔混交林等3个优势树种以郁闭度的差异而划分为15个林分类型,调查各林分类型灌木、草本盖度等结构特征以及径流和泥沙的输出量。结果表明:1)马尾松、杉木和混交林分,灌木盖度与郁闭度均呈负指数关系,郁闭度对杉木林灌木盖度的影响最为敏感;草本盖度与郁闭度呈明显的抛物线关系。郁闭度相同的林分,混交林更适合草本植物的生长;马尾松、杉木和混交林林分郁闭度为0.65、0.60、0.61时,具有最大枯落物生物量。2)在4次降雨事件中,马尾松、杉木、混交林分产生的径流量分别为29.9、30.4、32.7mm,混交林径流量最大,与马尾松和杉木差异显著(P<0.05),马尾松和杉木差异并不显著。3)4次产沙事件中,马尾松、杉木和混交林泥沙输出量分别为289.0、299.6kg·hm^(-2)和277.3kg·hm^(-2),混交林泥沙输出量最小,杉木输出量最大。马尾松与杉木泥沙输出量差异并不显著,混交林与马尾松和杉木差异均显著。研究结果说明本区域马尾松郁闭度为0.55~0.65、杉木为0.52~0.60、混交林为0.61~0.77时,才能形成较好的灌草结构,发挥良好的水源涵养和水土保持效益。In order to reveal the relationship between stand structure and runoff or sediment export from shelter forests in Three Gorges Reservoir area,based on the second-class survey database of forest resources and on-the-spot investigation,forests with three dominant species,i.e,.Masson pine(MP,Pinus massoniana),Chinese fir(CF,Cunninghamia lanceolata)and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved trees(CB)occurring in central and western forest area of Maoping Township of Zigui County were divided into 15 stand types.The structure characteristics and runoff and sediment export from 15 stand types were investigated.The results showed that 1)the relationship between shrub coverage and canopy density of three species was negatively exponential.The canopy density was the most sensitive to shrub coverage of CF.There was a significant and parabolic relationship between canopy coverage and canopy density.CB was more suitable for the growth of herbs in the same canopy density of stand.The canopy densities with maximum litter biomass for MP,CF and MF was 0.65,0.60 and 0.61,respectively.2)The outputs of the runoff of MP,CF and CB were 29.9,30.4 and 32.7 mm,respectively,in the four rainfall events.The largest runoff occurred in CB,which was significantly different from MP and CF.The difference of runoff between MP and CF was not significant.3)The outputs of the sediment of MP,CF and CBS were 289.0,299.6 and 277.3 kg·hm-2,respectively,in the four rainfall events.The smallest sediment occurred in CB,which was significantly different from MP and CF.This study showed that when the canopy densities of MP,CF and CB were 0.55-0.65,0.52-0.60 and 0.61-0.77,respectively,the perfect stand spatial structure could be formed,and the best water and soil conservation benefits could be achieved under the condition of geography and climate in study area.

关 键 词：三峡库区 防护林 林分结构特征 径流 泥沙 

分 类 号：S727.26[农业科学—林木遗传育种]