4种草本植物浸提液对长柄扁桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of the Water Extract from Four Herbs on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Amygdalus pedunculata

作　　者：张瑞琦 王进鑫[2,3] 王秀青 狄龙 ZHANG Rui-qi;WANG Jin-xin;WANG Xiu-qing;DI Long(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100,China;Forestry Industry Development Office of Yulin,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [3]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [4]榆林市林业产业办公室,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2018年第5期94-99,129,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"西北干旱荒漠区煤炭基地生态安全保障技术"项目(2017YFC0504400):采煤迹地植被重建与保育技术研究(2017YFC0504402);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTCL03-18);榆林市林业科技计划项目(K403021528)

摘　　要：为恢复长柄扁桃群落,促进长柄扁桃人工林生长,以苜蓿、沙打旺、红豆草、苦豆子4种多年生草本为供体植物,长柄扁桃为受体植物,研究草本植物浸提液对长柄扁桃的种子发芽率、发芽势、苗高、根长、根鲜重、苗鲜重的影响。结果表明,苜蓿,沙打旺浸提液在浓度为30mg·mL^(-1)时对长柄扁桃种子发芽率有显著促进作用;在浸提液浓度为5mg·mL^(-1)时,长柄扁桃发芽势在苦豆子及苜蓿浸提液作用下显著高于对照;而红豆草浸提液对种子萌发有抑制作用。长柄扁桃幼苗苗高,除在红豆草浸提液浓度60mg·mL^(-1)时,其余处理均有一定程度促进作用;长柄扁桃的苗鲜重在苦豆子浸提液5mg·mL^(-1)时达到所有处理的最大值(270.94mg)。各草本植物浸提液除沙打旺浸提液对根长具有促进作用外,其余浸提液都对根长生长有抑制作用。长柄扁桃幼苗根鲜重在各处理中,红豆草浸提液有抑制作用但差异不显著,其余草本植物均有促进作用。综合分析表明,苜蓿、沙打旺、红豆草及苦豆子4种草本植物均对长柄扁桃种子萌发幼苗生长具有化感作用且存在浓度效应。苜蓿、沙打旺、苦豆子3种植物可促进长柄扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长,适合与长柄扁桃进行品种搭配形成林草复合系统,进行沙区矿业迹地植被建设及长柄扁桃群落恢复。In order to restore the Amygdalus pedunculata community and promote the growth of its plantation,four perennial herbs,including Medicago sativa,Astragalus adsurgens,Onobrychis viciaefolia and Sophora alopecuroides were used as donor plants for herb water extraction and Amygdalus pedunculata as acceptor plant to identify the changes in germination rate,germination potential,seedling length,root length,fresh root weight and seedling fresh weight of A.pedunculata.The results showed that M.sativa and A.adsurgens extracts significantly promoted the germination rate of A.pedunculata seedlings at the concentration of 30 mg·mL-1.When the extract concentration was 5 mg·mL-1,the effects of S.alopecuroides and M.sativa extracts on the seed germination potential were significantly higher than that of the control.O.viciaefolia extract inhibited the seed germination at every concentration.Except for 60 mg·mL-1 concentration of O.viciaefolia,by which the seedlings length of A.pedunculata were inhibited,other treatments were all demonstrated promotion effect.When the extract concentration of S.alopecuroides was 5 mg·mL-1,the fresh weight of seedlings of A.pedunculata was promoted,and achieved the maximum in all treatments.In addition,the extracts of A.adsurgen showed a promoting effect on seedling root length of A.pedunculata,the rest showed inhibition effects.The extract of O.viciaefolia had inhibitory effect on the A.pedunculata seedlings root fresh weight,but the difference was not significant.The rest of the treatments had the promotion effect.In summary,four herbaceous plants all had allelopathic effects on the seedling growth of A.pedunculata and had a concentration dependant effect.M.sativa,A.adsurgens and S.alopecuroides could promote the seed germination and seedling growth of A.pedunculata,indicating that they were suitable to be cultivated with A.pedunculata to form a forest-grass system to promote the vegetation construction in sandy area while restoring A.pedunculata community.

关 键 词：长柄扁桃 种子萌发 幼苗生长 化感作用 草本植物浸提液 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]