光照对优质肉鸡性成熟启动前生长和性器官发育的影响  

Effect of ilumination on growth and organ development before sexual maturity onset in high quality broiler

作　　者：王钱保[1] 赵振华[1] 黎寿丰[1] 黄华云[1] 李春苗[1] 薛龙岗[1] 黄正洋 WANG Qianbao;ZHAO Zhenhua;LI Shoufeng;HUANG Huayun;LI Chunmiao;XUE Longgang;HUANG Zhengyang(Poultry Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院家禽研究所,江苏扬州225003

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期574-579,共6页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：扬州市面上项目(YZ2016133);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(15)1009);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-41-Z05);扬州市青年基金资助项目(YZ2017105);省属公益类科研院所自主科研经费项目(BM2018026-2)

摘　　要：选用540只0日龄的优质肉鸡S3系母鸡放于3间封闭式鸡舍内,分别在育雏和育成期设计3组不同类型的光照模式,研究不同光照模式对优质肉鸡性成熟启动前生长和性器官发育的影响.结果表明:(1) 3组光照模式在鸡育雏阶段并无显著影响(P>0.05),从6周龄开始光照影响初现; 7周龄时,II组鸡的体重显著高于I和III组(P<0.05); 8周龄时,3组鸡的体重增幅达到最大,生长速度达到顶峰,II组鸡的体重比I和III组分别提高32和21 g(P<0.05); 10周龄时,II组鸡的体斜长显著高于I和III组(P<0.05).(2) 3组鸡的输卵管和卵巢组织在早期发育缓慢,光照对其影响不大(P>0.05); 14周龄时开始出现显著性差异,II组鸡的输卵管长度达到16.26 mm,显著大于I和III组(P<0.05); 14周龄后3组鸡的卵巢表面陆续出现白色和黄色卵泡,到16周龄时小黄卵泡和卵巢重量出现差异显著性(P<0.05),II组鸡的小黄卵泡和卵巢重量分别为6.65个和17.42 g,是3组之中最多的.12周龄时,II组鸡的冠高长显著大于I和III组(P<0.05).(3)相比于I和III组,II组5%鸡群的开产日龄分别提前11和7 d(P<0.05),开产体重分别提高55和22 g(P<0.05),全群开产日龄分别提前12和4 d(P<0.05),开产体重分别提高45和18 g(P<0.05).综合比较,II组的光照模式最优.To study the effect of illumination on organ development of broiler before sexal development onset,540 S3 line hens at 0 day age were exposed to 3 illumination methods(Group 1-3)at the incubation and growing period respectively.The results showed that illumination at incubation stage did not impact body weight and morphological development of sexal organ.Since week 6,illumination started to increase body weight and at week 7 body weight of G2 was significantly heavier than G1 and G3(P<0.05).Body weight of all groups maximized at week 8,with that of G2 32 g and 21 g heavier than G1 and G3,respectively.At week 10,body length of G2 was significantly longer than G1 and G3(P<0.05).Illumination started to influence oviduct length from week 14,with oviduct length being 16.26 mm,which was significantly longer than G1 and G3(P<0.05).Then ovary surface appeared white and yellow ovarian follicles.At week 16,ovary weight and the number of small yellow follicle from G2 were 17.42 g and 6.65,which were significantly higher than those from G1 and G3(P>0.05).At week 12,comb length of G2 was significantly longer than G1 and G3(P<0.05).First laying age of 5%hen from G2 advanced 11 d and 7 d than G1 and G3,respectively(P<0.05),with first laying weight of 5%hen from G2 improved 55 g and 22 g(P<0.05).Moreover,first laying age for all hen G2 advanced for 12 d and 4 d compared to G1 and G3(P<0.05),with first laying weight for all hen improved 45 g and 18 g than G1 and G3(P<0.05).To summarize,illumination method of G2 was optimal for hen production.

关 键 词：光照 优质肉鸡 性成熟启动 性器官发育 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]