技能偏向型技术进步、劳动者集聚效应与地区工资差距扩大  

Impact of Skill-biased Technical Change and Agglomeration Economies of Labor on Regional Wage Gap Expending

作　　者：陈勇[1] 柏喆 CHEN Yong;BAI Zhe(College of Economics of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2018年第9期79-97,共19页China Industrial Economics

摘　　要：为剖析中国地区工资差距产生的原因,本文基于技能偏向型技术进步对劳动者收入差距的作用,创新性地将技能偏向型技术进步与集聚效应融合起来,运用1988年、1995年、2002年、2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)微观数据,在对各地区技能偏向型技术进步和集聚效应进行量化的基础上展开一系列实证研究。研究结果表明:1988—2013年中国地区工资差距增大,且地区工资差距主要体现为高技能劳动者的地区工资差距;地区工资差距之所以在很长一段时期存在,主要是由于技能偏向型技术进步与集聚效应的综合影响,表现为技能偏向型技术进步通过作用于高技能劳动者使劳动者工资差距增大,集聚效应又不断通过劳动者的地区流动助力于提高所有劳动者工资促使地区工资差距形成。进一步反事实分析发现,技能偏向型技术进步是导致地区工资差距的最主要因素。本文的研究发现为政府缩小地区工资差距、促进地区平衡发展提供了重要的政策启示。Based on the effect of skill-biased technical change on earning inequality,this paper innovatively combines skill-biased technical change with agglomeration economies,and makes a series of empirical studies on the basis of quantifying skill-biased technical change and agglomeration economies by using the micro-data of CHIP in 1988,1995,2002 and 2013,to analyze the causes of regional wage gap in China.The main findings are as follows:the regional wage gap increased from 1988 to 2013,and the regional wage gap was mainly reflected in the regional wage gap of skilled labor;the reason why the regional wage gap exists for a long period of time is mainly due to the comprehensive influence of skill-biased technical change and agglomeration economies,which is manifested that skill-biased technical change increases the wage inequality by acting on the skilled labor,and agglomeration economies contribute to raise the wage of all labors through the regional migration so as to promote the regional wage gap.Further counterfactual analysis shows that skill-biased technical change is the most important factor.The conclusions of this paper provide some important policy implications for regional governments to reduce regional wage gap and promote balanced development in various regions.

关 键 词：技能偏向型技术进步 集聚效应 地区工资差距 发展不平衡 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]