优秀女子摔跤运动员过度训练预警方法(血液指标)的研究  

Early-warning Threshold of Blood Markers for Overtraining in Elite Female Wrestlers

作　　者：何子红[1] 张传光 文舫 陶大浪 许奎元[5] 张豪杰[6] 赵杰修[1] HE Zi-hong;ZHANG Chuan-guang;WEN Fang;TAO Da-lang;XU Kui-yuan;ZHANG Hao-jie;ZHAO Jie-xiu(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;The Combat and Weightlifting Administration Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250002,China;Liaoning Institute of Sport Science,Shenyang 110000,China;Athletics Administration Center of Anhui Province,Hefei 230001,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]山东省重竞技运动管理中心,山东济南250002 [3]辽宁省体育科学研究所,辽宁沈阳110000 [4]安徽省体育局田径中心,安徽合肥230001 [5]北京体育大学,北京100084 [6]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2018年第5期45-51,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本10-06);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAK37B06)

摘　　要：目的:构建女子摔跤运动员功能性早期过度训练(FOR)、非功能性早期过度训练(NFOR)、过度训练综合征(OTS)的血液指标预警方法。方法:系统回顾分析国家女子摔跤队备战2004年、2008年和2012年奥运会期间的114名优秀女子摔跤运动员竞技状态与血液指标的关系。结果:肌酸激酶(CK)连续3~4周增加2SD,其他指标变化1SD时,运动员会出现超量恢复的竞技状态。1)肌酸激酶连续3周增加2SD,伴随血红蛋白连续3周下降2SD;2)血红蛋白和睾酮连续3周下降2SD;3)肌酸激酶和皮质醇连续3周增加2SD;4)血红蛋白连续3周下降2SD,同时伴随皮质醇连续3周上升2SD;5)皮质醇连续3周下降2SD。当上述5种情况出现时,恢复时间超过2周。对于没有系统监控建立个体恢复值的运动员,建议肌酸激酶的上限值为300U,血红蛋白的下限值为115 g/L,睾酮的下限值为17 ng/dl,皮质醇的下限值为10 ug/dl,皮质醇的上限值为25 ug/dl。结论:FOR、NFOR、OTS的发生过程是连续的,因此,要有效预警运动员的竞技状态必需进行连续系统监控,建立个体的正常恢复值和预警方法。Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of functional overreaching(FOR),nonfunctional overreaching(NFOR),and overtraining syndrome in elite female wrestlers during their normal training and competition schedules and to explore the utility of blood markers for the early detection of overreaching.Method:Over 2004,2008 and 2012 Olympic games period,114 wrestlers from the women’s Asian wrestling team were monitored to help identify if and when they experienced FOR,NFOR,or overtraining syndrome.Results:The athletes will have better competitive status if creatine kinase(CK)increased to X+2SD,and other markers are in the scope of X±1SD for for a consecutive three weeks;The recovery will exceed 2 weeks if the blood markers changes as following for a consecutive three weeks:1)CK increased to X+2SD,and hemoglobin(Hb)decreased to X-2SD;2)testosterone(T)and Hb decreased X-2SD simultaneously;3)CK and cortisol(C)increased to X+2SD concurrently;4)Hb decreased to X-2SD,and C increased to X+2SD simultaneously;5)C increased to X+2SD.For an athlete with systematical monitoring data,the recommendation values are 300 U for the upper limit of CK,115g/L for the lower limit of Hb,17ng/dl for the lower limit of T,10ug/dl for the lower limit of C and 25ug/dl for the upper limit of C.Conclusion:The occurrence process of FOR,NFOR and OTS is continuously,so it is necessary to carry out continuous systematic monitoring to establish the individual normal recovery value and early warning method to effectively warn athletes'competitive state.

关 键 词：血液指标 疲劳 过度训练 恢复 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]