我国优秀男子百米运动员起跑加速技术分析  

Analysis on the Block Start and Acceleration Technology of the Elite Men's 100m Athletes of China

作　　者：王泽峰[1] 何文捷[2] 王新娜[3] 李建新 陶然 WANG Ze-feng;HE Wen-jie;WANG Xin-na;LI Jian-xin;TAO Ran(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;China Sport Information Center,Beijing 100061,China;Hebei Sport University,Shijiazhuang 050041,China;Hebei Institute of Sport Science,Shijiazhuang 050011,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]国家体育总局体育信息中心,北京100061 [3]河北体育学院,河北石家庄050041 [4]河北省体育科学研究所,河北石家庄050011 [5]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2018年第5期108-111,145,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本16-48)

摘　　要：运用高速摄像与录像解析等研究方法,以苏炳添、谢震业等我国6名男子优秀百米运动员为研究对象,分析研究其起跑加速技术。结果表明,我国男子优秀百米运动员:1)预备姿势时,前、后膝关节角度较小,适当增大膝关节角度,可能更有利于发力;躯干前倾过大,重心高度适宜,重心至起跑线的水平距离更近,重心与前脚跖趾关节的水平距离更大;2)在蹬伸阶段,膝关节的蹬伸,尤其第3次蹬伸不够充分,应加强以获得更好的加速效果;虽然从预备姿势到第2次蹬离地面过程中,在不同时刻和不同阶段的躯干前倾角度及其变化差异均较大,但到第2步蹬离地面时躯干前倾角度基本趋于一致;3)3次蹬离时刻的平均重心水平速度均低于国外优秀运动员,差距主要在起跑动作到第1次蹬离地面过程中所产生;4)表现出第1步步长较大和步频稍慢的特点。This study used the high-speed camera shooting and analysis motion images to analyze the starting acceleration technology of six elite men's 100-meter athletes in China,including SU Bing-tian and XIE Zhen-ye etc.in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the 100 meter event of China.The results of the study showed that,as a whole,1)On the setting position,the elite 100-meter players in China showed the angle of front and rear knee is relative smaller,increasing the angle of the knee properly may be good for stretching.The trunk leaned to front too much.The height of the body center of gravity is moderate.The body center of gravity is closer to the starting line.The horizontal distance between the front forefoot metatarsophalangeal joint and the body center of gravity is longer.2)In the stretching period,the extension of the knee joint,especially the third stretching was not enough.It should be strengthened to achieve better acceleration.Though in the process from the setting position to the second stretching,in different time and different stages the angle between trunk and horizontal level and the changes were larger,at the moment of the second driving off the ground,the angle between trunk and horizontal level was tending to be uniformity.3)The average horizontal velocity of three times’driving off was lower than the foreign excellent athletes.The gap was mainly caused by the movement from the starting to the first push off the ground.4)On the first step,the stride length is longer and the frequency is shorter.

关 键 词：男子100M跑 起跑 加速 技术分析 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]