机采棉株行距配置对棉花生物量和氮素累积分配及产量的影响  

Effect of Row Spacing of Plant on Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulation Distribution and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：阿不都卡地尔.库尔班 李健伟[1] 杨培 张巨松[1] 郭仁松[2] 林涛[2] Abudukader kuerban;LI Jian-wei;Yang Pei;ZHANG Ju-song;GUO Ren-song;LIN Tao(Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第8期1406-1416,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范"课题(2014BAD11B02)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究机采棉株行距配置对棉花生物量、氮素累积分配特征及产量的影响。为南疆机采棉高产栽培奠定理论基础。【方法】以株型松散品种新陆中54号和株型紧凑品种新陆中75号为材料,设置3种不同适宜机采的株行距配置进行试验,分别为高密度一膜六行(66+10) cm、高密度一膜六行(64+12) cm和低密度一膜四行(64+12) cm。研究其对棉花生物量、氮素动态累积特征的影响。【结果】新陆中54号与新陆中75号在低密度一膜四行(64+12) cm种植模式下,营养器官和生殖器官生物量的积累进入快速增长期起始日、结束日及最大生长速率的时期均提前,其生长特征值与总氮积累量理论值均较大。确保棉株营养器官中氮素的净吸收和净转移量的增加,发挥棉株单株优势,使棉株生长具有较高的氮代谢水平,可有效增加棉株单株结铃数和单铃重,达到较高皮棉产量(3 307. 8和3 150. 9 kg/hm2)。不同品种间,新陆中54号对新陆中75号而言单株结铃数高出9. 23%,最终皮棉产量高出4. 98%。【结论】在新疆南疆不同品种在机采棉株行距配置间,松散型品种新陆中54号在低密度一膜四行(64+12) cm配置下,地上部生物量及氮素累积特征值较协调,各器官分配比例较合理,使皮棉产量较高。【Objective】To study the cumulative effect of row spacing of cotton machine production characteristics and production distribution of biomass and nitrogen in cotton in the hope of laying a theoretical basis for high yield cotton cultivation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】With loose plant type varieties Xinluzhong 54 and compact plant type varieties Xinluzhong 75 as the material,3 different suitable apheresis spacing tests were set,respectively:a six film with high density(66+10)cm,a six film for high density(64+12)cm and low density of a film four line(64+12)cm.【Result】The results showed that the accumulation of biomass of vegetative organs and reproductive organs entered the beginning day of rapid growth under the low density,one film,four rows(64+12)cm planting pattern between Xinluzhong 54 and Xinluzhong 75.Both of them,the end day and the period of maximum growth rate were advanced,and the growth characteristic values and the theoretical values of total nitrogen accumulation were higher.The net absorption and transfer of nitrogen in the vegetative organs of cotton plants were ensured,so as to give play to the superiority of cotton plants per plant,to make the growth of cotton plants have higher nitrogen metabolism level,and to increase effectively the number of bolls per plant and boll weight per plant.The yield of lint was higher(3,307.8 kg/hm 2,3,150.9 kg/hm 2).Among different varieties,the number of bolls per plant of Xinluzhong 54 was 9.23%higher that of Xinluzhong 75 so the final lint yield was 4.98%higher.【Conclusion】In the southern Xinjiang,among different varieties,the upper biomass and nitrogen accumulation characteristic values of loose variety Xinluzhong 54 under the low density one film four rows(64+12)cm configuration are more coordinated,and the distribution ratio of each organ is more reasonable.The yield of lint is higher.

关 键 词：机采棉 株行距配置 生物量累积 氮素累积 产量 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]