环境规制技术诱导作用与清洁生产模式对制造业出口竞争力的影响研究  

Enlightenment of Technical Induction of Environmental Regulations: Impacts of Clean Production on Exporting Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry

作　　者：肖德[1] 侯佳宁 Xiao De;Hou Jianing(School of Business,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学商学院,武汉430062

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2018年第10期150-160,共11页Journal of Industrial Technological Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"能源优先供给保障政策对中国宏观经济的影响--基于CGE数值模拟"(项目编号:14YJA90065)

摘　　要：目前,出口商品符合欧美环保标准并体现较强的安全性、节能性是保持国际市场竞争力的必备要素之一。在高强度环境规制背景下,清洁生产模式才是调和环境约束、资源瓶颈和产品竞争力三者矛盾的根本办法。本文利用中国2001~2016年制造业面板数据,从本土企业出港货物价值角度跨国比较商品竞争力,避免了"工业排污对外转移"的统计疏漏;在Acemoglu等(2002)绿色技术路径理论框架下,估计环境规制驱动清洁生产进而提高出口竞争力的门槛效应,推断中国制造业是否通过生产模式的转变适应了绿色贸易行业标准。研究发现:(1)大部分企业从清洁能源替代入手减低工业污染排放,同时,提高行业竞争力7.224个单位;(2)当行业技术水平可以适应较高环境规制门槛时,环保型生产将提高商品国际市场竞争力71.595个单位;(3)目前的技术水平还不足以有效减低工业废气污染,高强度工业废气排放管制仅增加了企业生产成本。本文通过检验行业对现有环境规制的适应能力和生产模式中清洁能源占比佐证了中国制造业已开始向绿色生产方式转变,但总体技术研发水平仍偏弱,正处于向资源轻量型生产模式转变初期。以上实证结果为中国工业实现绿色化、集约化、智能化提供微观事实检验。Export commodities have to meet international standards,and also reflect strong safety and energy conservation e-lements for maintaining competitiveness in the international market.Is China s product design actively according to environmental protection?Facing intensive environmental regulation,production costs are rising sharply,which persuade enterprises seeking green innovation technology.The study examined manufacturing industry panel data of year 2001~2016,has found following empi-rical results:(1)most enterprises reduce industrial emissions by using clean energy,but green technical characteristics of production are still not obvious;the manufacturing industry is more adaptable to waste water reduction in general,and the clean production reduces industrial emission effectively,while improving the competitiveness of the industry 7.224 units;(2)when higher technical level enable industries to accommodate the high threshold of environmental regulation intensity,clean production may improve the competitiveness of 71.595 units in the international market;(3)apparently,the rationality and effectiveness of environmental regulation depends on the green technology develop ability.By examining the adaptability of the industry to the existing environmental regulation and the proportion of clean energy used in production,this paper proves that manufacturing industry of China has begun to transform towards greenness,but technology R&D is still weak,and still remain in the primary stage of transforming.The above empirical results provide a microcosmic factual test for Chinese industry to achieve greening,intensification and intellectualization.

关 键 词：环境规制 清洁能源 出口竞争力 门槛效应 制造业 绿色生产模式 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F752.62