互联网的网络化治理:用户权利的契约化与网络中介私权力依赖  

Networked Internet Governance: Contractualization of User Rights and Dependence on Private Power of Internet Intermediaries

作　　者：张小强[1,2] Zhang Xiaoqiang

机构地区：[1]重庆大学新闻学院 [2]重庆大学国家网络空间安全与大数据法治战略研究院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2018年第7期87-108,128,共23页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"重大公共事件的社会伦理心态研究"(项目编号:17AZD006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在网络空间,网络中介因为技术和平台等优势形成了与公权力相对的私权力,网络中介的私权力来源于用户条款。而用户条款的制定和执行受到法律、政府、用户及商业利益的驱动。通过用户条款,法律这种公共性质的、抽象的"社会契约"部分被私人性质的、具体的"私人契约"所代替,网络治理与个体权利实现都要依赖于网络中介。网络中介权力的正当性来源于合同法规则,使得其权力相对于法律在网络空间更加凸显,更为直接,失去了传统意义上的社会协商空间。虽然合同法、竞争法、企业社会责任、用户集体行动对网络中介私权力有一定限制,但这些机制本身也有局限。在网络治理和用户权利实现上,已经形成了一种复杂网络。解决上述问题,传播法理论研究和具体实践应从以规范为核心转向对规范和行为的综合分析。In cyberspace,internet intermediaries have formed private power relative to public power due to their advantages in technology and platform.Their private power comes from terms of use(service)directly.User terms drafting and enforcement are driven by the law,the government,the user,and commercial interests.Through terms of use,the public and abstract social contract is replaced by the private and specific contract.Internet governance and the realization of user rights depend on internet intermediaries.The legitimacy of internet intermediaries power comes from the rules of contract law,making their power more prominent and more direct in cyberspace without traditional spaces for social consultation,in contrast to the process of law making.Although contract law,competition law,corporate social responsibility,and the collective action of users have certain restrictions on the private power of internet intermediaries,these mechanisms are also limited.Complex network is generated from internet governance and the realization of user rights.To solve the problems above,theoretical research and practice of communication law should shift from analysis of norms alone to a comprehensive analysis of norms and behaviors.

关 键 词：传播法 互联网 网络化治理 用户条款 私权力 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学]