鱼类友好型水轮机设计研究综述  

A Review of Research on the Design of Fish-Friendly Hydraulic Turbines

作　　者：杨春霞[1] 郑源[1,2] 张玉全 罗红英[2] Yang Chunxia;Zheng Yuan;Zhang Yuquan;Luo Hongying(College of Energy and Electrical Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学能源与电气学院,南京211100 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2018年第3期96-101,共6页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目"我国能源技术革命的技术方向和体系战略研究"(2015-ZD-09);国家自然科学基金青年项目"基于潮汐发电贯流式水轮机水动力特性的过鱼伤害机理研究"(51709086)

摘　　要：当鱼类资源通过常规水轮机时会不可避免地受到损伤。受伤和死亡的鱼类会对水域造成污染,从而制约了水电工程的生态发展。针对鱼类下行过坝的措施及存在的问题,笔者介绍了鱼类通过水轮机流道下行时可能受到的伤害机理,主要分为机械、压力、剪切力和空蚀四种。鱼体的损伤程度与鱼体的种类、尺寸、进入水轮机系统的方式等因素有关。本文根据过鱼损伤机理,提出目前鱼类友好型水轮机设计的主要思路,阐述了传统的水轮机进行鱼类友好设计的准则和典型的鱼类友好型水轮机的设计理念。Fish suffers inevitable injuries when passing a common hydraulic turbine.Injury and mortality of fish will cause pollution to the water.This will restrict the ecological development of the hydropower project.Aiming at the measures for downstream passage of the fish and existing problems,four kinds of injury mechanisms,namely,mechanical,pressure,shear force and cavitation injuries,are introduced in this paper.The injury degree of fish is related to the type and size of the fish body and the way to enter the hydraulic turbine system.According to the injury mechanisms,the main idea of the design of a fish-friendly hydraulic turbine is put forward.The criteria for designing a conventional fish-friendly hydraulic turbin and the design philosophy of a typical fish-friendly hydraulic turbine are expounded.

关 键 词：鱼类友好型水轮机 鱼体损伤机理 水动力 设计优化 

分 类 号：TV74[水利工程—水利水电工程]