氮肥形态和覆盖对坡耕地玉米产量和土壤氮素流失的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Sources and Plastic mulching on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Losses from Sloping Land

作　　者：罗付香[1] 林超文[1] 庞良玉[1] 张建华[1] 罗春燕[1] 黄晶晶[1] 朱永群[1] Luo Fuxiang;Lin Chaowen;Pang Liangyu;Zhang Jianhua;Luo Chunyan;Huang Jingjing;Zhu Yongqun(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu 610066)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《西南地区作物系统养分管理研究》2013年第1期29-39,共11页

基　　金：鸣谢:作者感谢国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B03-8)、国际植物营养研究所、四川省公益性农业专项(12ZC1930)、四川省农业科学院青年基金等项目的资助。

摘　　要：采用二因素四水平随机区组试验设计,利用模拟径流小区观测的方法,研究氮肥形态和覆盖对坡耕地玉米产量及土壤氮素流失通量及途径的影响。结果表明:土壤径流以地表径流为主,氮素主要流失途径是地下径流,占总径流量的71.3%,氮素流失的主要形态是硝态氮,占无机氮的92.0%,占水溶性总氮的57.1%。地膜覆盖能降低径流深和土壤侵蚀量,增加水溶性氮流失量,提高玉米产量,但是,酰胺态氮肥和缓控释肥地膜覆盖降低氮素流失量,且酰胺态氮肥玉米增产显著;裸地条件下硝态氮肥和缓控释肥降低地下径流深和氮素流失量,且缓控释肥玉米增产显著。综合考虑水土流失治理和粮食增产增收,四川紫色坡耕地适宜肥料类型为缓控释肥,其次是硝态氮肥,酰胺态氮肥通过地膜覆盖也能较好的控制氮素流失增加玉米产量。A field experiment using randomized block design with four nitrogen(N)sources and with or without plastic mulching was conducted to investigate the treatment effect on corn yield and N loss from the sloping land.Results showed that surface runoff was the main runoff path while N was predominately lost from the soil through underground runoff,accounting for 71.3%of total runoff N.In the leachate,nitrate N(NO 3-N)accounted for 92.0%of the organic N(IN)and 57.1%of the total dissolved N(TDN).Plastic mulching could effectively reduce runoff depth and soil erosion,but increased loss of TDN and corn yield.Nitrogen loss was minimized by amide-N and controlled-release N with plastic mulching,resulting in a significant yield increase with the amide-N.In the treatments without plastic mulching,both nitrate-N and controlled-release N treatments could reduce amounts of leachate and N loss,resulting in significant corn yield increase with the controlled-release N.It concluded that the controlled-release N fertilizer was the best N source in controlling soil erosion and improving corn yield,while the amide-N fertilizer behaved best under plastic mulching.

关 键 词：氮肥形态 覆盖 坡耕地 氮素流失 

分 类 号：S343.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]