不同耕作方式和施肥处理对冬水田土温、水稻生长和产量的影响  

Impact of Different Tillage Practices and Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Temperatures,Rice Growth and Yield under the All-time Waterlogged Conditions

作　　者：陈琨[1] 秦鱼生[1] 喻华[1] 冯文强[1] 高原 涂仕华[1] hen Kun;Qin Yusheng;Yu Hua;Feng Wenqiang;Gao Yuan;Tu Shihua(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sichuan Chengdu 610066;Chongzhou Rural Development Bureau Sichuan Chongzhou 611230)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]崇州市农村发展局,四川崇州611230

出　　处：《西南地区作物系统养分管理研究》2013年第1期50-54,共5页

基　　金：鸣谢:作者感谢公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003016)和IPNI项目的资助。

摘　　要：前期低温和养分有效性差、中后期土壤氧化还原电位低和还原物质含量高被认为是影响冬水田水稻高产的主要限制因子。本研究采取不同耕作方式与肥料运筹,分析了田间试验条件下不同处理对冬水田稻区土壤温度、水稻分蘖动态及产量的影响。结果表明,前期土温低主要在5cm以下土层,即水稻主要扎根层。由于2011年气候反常,优化施肥仅比对照增产1.1%,差异不明显。在两种增温措施中,厢式耕作+覆膜+优化施肥处理对水稻生长前期土壤增温效果显著,能有效促进水稻分蘖,但产量比习惯耕作+习惯施肥减产1.71%;厢式耕作+优化施肥处理对提高土壤增温作用尽管不如覆膜处理,但产量最佳,达每公顷8529.30kg,较习惯耕作+习惯施肥增产2.71%。Low nutrient availability in early season induced by low temperatures and high content of reduced substances in the soil in the mid and late growing periods of paddy rice induced by low Eh values are considered as the major limiting factors for high yield rice production in the all-time waterlogged conditions.Through a field experiment,the study aimed to investigate impacts of different cultivation methods and fertilizer treatments on soil temperatures,growth and yield of paddy rice.Results showed that low soil temperatures mainly occurred below 5 cm layer where rice seedlings grow its roots.There was no marked yield difference between the farmer s practice and the enhanced fertilizer treatment due to the abnormal weather occurred during rice growing season in 2011.Though the treatment of bed cultivation+enhanced fertilizers+plastic film effectively increased rice tillers,grain yield was decreased by 1.71%compared with the farmers’practice.The treatment of bed cultivation+enhanced fertilizers generated slightly less tillers than the treatment of the bed cultivation+enhanced fertilizers+plastic film mulch,but grain yield was the highest up to 8523 kg/ha,2.71%high than the farmers’practice.

关 键 词：水稻 土壤温度 分蘖动态 产量 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]