灌水次数与施氮量互作对胡麻/玉米带田作物生长与产量的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Times and Nitrogen on the Yield and Growth of Flax/maize Intercropping

作　　者：王晓娟[1] 卢旭 何海军[1] WANG Xiaojuan;LU Xu;HE Haijun(The Crop Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第8期1127-1136,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100103-19);甘肃省科技重大专项(1602NKDF021);甘肃省科技重大专项(17ZD2NA016)~~

摘　　要：旨在研究甘肃白银地区9种不同水氮配比胡麻/玉米带田叶面积指数、干物质质量和产量。结果表明,在整个生育期内,随着灌水次数和施氮量的增加,胡麻/玉米带田叶面积指数均表现"抛物线"的变化动态,胡麻/玉米带田干物质量均呈现"直线"上升的变化动态。灌溉次数和施氮量对胡麻玉米叶面积指数和干物质量有显著影响,氮肥效应大于水分效应。通过胡麻/玉米带田产量构成因素的主成分分析可知,所有胡麻产量构成因素对9个处理下胡麻产量影响为:出籽率>千粒质量>单株粒质量>单株蒴果数>分枝数>蒴果种子粒数>株高>分茎数,所有玉米产量构成因素对9个处理下玉米产量的影响为:株高>穗粗>穗长>穗行数>行粒数>百粒质量>秃尖长>出籽率。由胡麻/玉米带田产量及经济效益分析可知,适宜甘肃白银的胡麻/玉米带田灌水量和施氮量模式分别是T8-二次灌水三水平施氮量[快速生长期和盛花期各浇一次水(W2)/氮肥240kg/hm^2(N3)]和T6-三次灌水二水平施氮量[快速生长期、盛花期和青果期各浇一次水(W3)/氮肥180kg/hm^2(N2)]。In this paper,leaf area index,dry matter mass and yields in flax/maize intercropping under nine different ratios of irrigation and nitrogen treatments was studied in Baiyin area of Gansu province.These results showed that,with the increase of irrigation times and nitrogen,all nine treatments exhibited a parabola dynamic change for the leaf area index and a straight climb dynamic change for dry matter mass,respectively.The irrigation times and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the leaf area index and dry matter mass of flax/maize intercropping,and nitrogen fertilization had higher effect than irrigation times.The principal component analysis showed that,the impact of all the yield factors of flax on flax yield under the 9 treatments was following:unfilled grain percentage>100-grain mass>grain mass per plant>number of plant capsule>branch number>capsule seed grain number>plant height>stem number,about maize was following:plant height>ear width>ear length>ear row number>grain number per row>100-grain mass>bare tip length>seed rate.T8[water one time separately in the rapid growth and flowering(W2)/240 kg nitrogen fertilizer/hectare(N3)]and T6[Water one time separately in the rapid growth stage,flowering and fruit period(W3)/180 kg nitrogen fertilizer/hectare(N2)]of flax/maize intercropping irrigation and nitrogen model was compatible for Baiyin area of Gansu province by the flax/maize intercropping yield and economic results analysis.

关 键 词：胡麻/玉米带田 灌水量 施氮量 叶面积指数 干物质量 产量要素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.9