新疆荒漠绿洲区甜菜田杂草组成及群落特征  

Species Composition and Characteristics of Weed Communities in Sugarbeet Fields in the Desert-oasis Ecotone in Xinjiang

作　　者：白微微[1] 杨安沛[1] 张航[1] 高海峰[1] 热西达.阿不都热合曼 王锁牢[1] 李广阔[1] BAI Weiwei;YANG Anpei;ZHANG Hang;GAO Haifeng;Raxida·Abdurahman;WANG Suolao;LI Guangkuo(Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Yining County,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆伊宁市农业技术推广站,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第8期1209-1215,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：糖料现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS170307)~~

摘　　要：为明确新疆甜菜种植区域的杂草种类及群落特征,采用五点取样法对新疆7个主要甜菜种植区域的97块甜菜田杂草进行调查。调查结果显示,新疆甜菜田杂草共有36种,隶属于14科31属,其中菊科、禾本科、蓼科和豆科在杂草种类中所占比例最高。稗草和灰藜为新疆甜菜种植区域的优势杂草,区域性优势杂草为反枝苋,狗尾草、龙葵为常见杂草,其余为一般性杂草,有31种。从不同区域杂草群落结构来看,新源巩留的甜菜田杂草种类最多,物种丰富度指数达3.40;群落多样性最高的为昌吉,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.29,Simpson指数最低(0.13);奎屯的杂草种类最少,Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数最低,Simpson指数最高(0.59)。群落聚类分析结果表明,新疆甜菜田杂草群落可划分为4组,昭苏特克斯与新源巩留划分为一组,额敏和奇台为一组,昌吉的杂草群落单独划为一组,奎屯和霍城察县的杂草群落为一组。In order to ascertain weed composition and characteristics in sugarbeet fields in desert-oasis ecotone of Xinjiang,the weeds of 97 sugarbeet plots in seven main planting areas were investigated by using five-point sampling method.The result showed that there were 36 weed species,which belongs to 31 generas in 14 families,and Asteraceae,Gramineae,Polygonaceae and Leguminosae accounted for the highest proportion of weed species.The dominant weeds in sugarbeet fields of Xinjiang were Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.and Chenopodium serotinum L.,Maranthus retroflexus L.were regional dominant weeds,Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.and Solanum nigrum L.were common weed species,the other 31 weed species were normal weeds.In terms of the community structure of weeds in different areas,the species of weeds in sugarbeet field of Xinyuan county and Gongliu county were the highest,with the margalef richness index of 3.40.The Shannon-Wiener index of Changji was the highest(2.29)but Simpson index was the lowest(0.13),the weed species of Kuitun was the least,with the lowest Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index,and the highest Simpson index(0.59).The weeds community in Xinjiang sugarbeet fields can be divided into four groups:Zhaosu,Tekes,Xinyuan and Gongliu were the first group,Emin and Qitai could be divided into one group,Changji was the third group and the fourth group was in Kuitun,Huocheng and Qapqal.

关 键 词：甜菜田 荒漠绿洲区 杂草种类 群落结构 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S451