进城农民工家庭贫困的测量与分析——基于“收入—消费—多维”视角  

The Poverty of Rural Migrant Families: An Analytical Framework From the Perspectives of Income, Consumption and Multi-dimensions

作　　者：郭君平[1] 谭清香[2] 曲颂[1] Guo Junping;Tan Qingxiang;Qu Song

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2018年第9期94-109,共16页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"精准扶贫战略实施的动态监测与成效评价研究"(项目编号:16ZDA022);2018年北京社科联青年社科人才资助项目"北京市流动人口多维贫困的社会风险预警防控研究";中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目"农民工‘单维-多维’贫困测度;代际传递及治理策略研究"的资助

摘　　要：本文从"收入—消费—多维"视角探究了中国进城农民工家庭贫困的规模、程度、空间分异及其内在规律。研究结果表明:当前进城农民工家庭的贫困类型以消费贫困和选择性贫困为主,同时相对贫困问题较为严重。进城农民工家庭抵御外部因素对收入冲击的能力远弱于抵御外部因素对消费冲击的能力,此种情况在中部地区尤甚。中部地区进城农民工家庭的多维贫困最轻微,而西部地区最严重,且随着贫困维数的提高,相应维数的贫困发生率总体呈下降趋势。分维度和区域考察,教育维度贫困是造成中国及东部、中部、西部地区进城农民工家庭多维贫困的最主要因素,健康维度贫困只是导致东北地区进城农民工家庭多维贫困的最主要因素,生活方面的卫生厕所、沐浴设施、炊用能源以及资产数量等维度的被剥夺情况最严重。经济落后地区进城农民工家庭的多种贫困发生率、平均剥夺份额和多维贫困的最高维数并不必然高于经济发达地区进城农民工家庭。进城农民工家庭十维脱贫率同n维(1≤n≤8)贫困发生率之和相近,其中,西部地区和东北地区的进城农民工家庭十维脱贫率低于中国平均水平。此外,进城农民工家庭收入(或消费)贫困与多维贫困属于互补关系,二者兼具差异性和关联性。This article examines the scale,grades,spatial variation and the changing patterns of rural migrant families'poverty from the perspectives of income,consumption and multi-dimensions in China.The results reveal that,first of all,consumption poverty and voluntary poverty are primary poverty types of rural migrant families,and that the problem of relative poverty is a severe phenomenon.Rural migrant families have a weaker capacity to resist the adverse impact of external factors on their income as compared with resisting the adverse impact of external factors on their consumption.Moreover,this phenomenon is especially prominent in the central region of China.Second,the multidimensional poverty of rural migrant families in China's western region is the most serious,but that in China's central region is in the slightest degree.The poverty incidence declines as the poverty dimension rises.Third,the dimension of education is a leading cause for national multidimensional poverty,while the dimension of health is a primary cause for multidimensional poverty in Northeast China.Sanitary toilets,bathing facilities,cooking energy and assets of living conditions are the factors that are mostly lacking.In economically backward areas,multiple poverty incidence,average deprivation shares and the highest dimension of multidimensional poverty are not definitely higher than those in the economically developed areas.The ten dimension poverty reduction rate approaches the sum of n(1≤n≤8)dimension poverty reduction rate,and ten dimension poverty reduction rates in the western and northeastern regions of China are lower than the national average level.Besides,the relationship between income(or consumption)poverty and multidimensional poverty of rural migrant families is complementary,with both variation and relevancy.

关 键 词：进城农民工家庭 收入贫困 消费贫困 选择性贫困 多维贫困 

分 类 号：F291.3[经济管理—国民经济]