体育锻炼促进认知功能的脑机制  

The brain mechanisms of the physical exercise enhancing cognitive function

作　　者：夏海硕 丁晴雯 庄岩 陈安涛 XIA Haishuo;DING Qingwen;ZHUANG Yan;CHEN Antao(School of Psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Department of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Physical Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715 [2]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [3]西南大学体育学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第10期1857-1868,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：不同类型的体育锻炼对各种群体的多种认知功能均具有促进作用,而相关的生理机制也在不同水平得到研究。在微观水平,体育锻炼有利于脑细胞的营养供给和能量代谢,并且能促进神经元的存活和突触生成。在宏观水平,体育锻炼不仅能够提升海马和小脑等脑结构的体积,还影响脑区激活水平和脑区间功能连接。值得注意的是,体育锻炼对认知的促进效应受到诸多因素的影响,比如个体差异、时间,以及体育锻炼和认知刺激的相互作用等,这些影响因素也为在两个水平上系统地阐明体育锻炼促进认知的脑机制提供了新的视角。It has been identified that physical exercise is able to enhance cognitive functions,attracting attention to the underlying brain mechanisms.The literature shows that the enhancing effects rely basically on two distinct mechanisms,on the microscale and macroscale levels,respectively.At the microscale level,physical exercise favored synaptogenesis and the survival of neurons through better nutrient supply and metabolism.At the macroscale level,physical exercise could enhance cognition through enlarging the volume of white and grey matter,and changing the brain activity and functional connectivity.Notably,multiple factors could influence the enhancing effects of physical exercise on cognition,such as individual differences,time,and the interaction between physical exercise and cognitive stimulations.These factors provide new directions to conduct deep and systematic investigations on the brain mechanisms of enhancing effects on the two levels.

关 键 词：体育锻炼 认知增强 脑成像 脑源性营养因子 突触生成 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]