印度陈那、法称“二量说”的逻辑确立  

The Logical Establishment of Two-folded Pramāna of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti

作　　者：顺真 ShunZhen(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Guizhou University)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学哲学与社会发展学院

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2018年第3期115-124,共10页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"佛教量论研究"(12BZJ005)

摘　　要：陈那思想由早期唯识期转向中期正理期的最大标志是其取消"圣言量"的学理主张,由是将印度过往的"三量说"等彻底性地改造为"二量说",进而开启出其作为晚年定论亦即晚期量论期的大全体系,由此完成了佛教量论体系建构的奠基工作。陈那认为,之所以量唯现量与比量,其证明的向度之一,在于从逻辑的观点看,人类能量功能的所量对象唯有自相与共相;其证明的向度之二,在于从认知发生的观点看,所言自相乃存在自体全分之存在,而所言共相乃能量心之分别功能单向度摄取自相全分而成关于存在自体之一分的存在者。前者所关乃是依据量识功能所成具有本体论性质的存在论证明,而后者所关乃是依据语声功能所成内含apoha,即遣他论性质的语言论证明。存在论证明意许着大乘佛教中观宗的二谛论理论,语言论证明诠显出佛教量论语言哲学的本地风光,根据我们新近突破性的研究进展,可以进一步认为语言论证明又是存在论证明的证明。陈那的再传弟子法称则完全继承陈那"二量说",并进一步拓展深化了其存在论证明与语言论证明,本文是关于存在论证明向度的梳理与阐释。The most significant feature of Dignāga’s shift of thought from the early phase in which vijnānamātra(“唯识”)is his main interest,to the middle phase in which logic(nyāya,“正理”)is the central theme is his rejection of sabda(“声量/圣言量”).Thus as the three-folded pramāna been thoroughly reconstructed to two-folded,he carried out the final period,the phase of epistemology(pramānavāda,“量论”),by which the foundation of the whole system of Buddhist pramānavāda was laid.There are two dimensions to prove pratyakna and anumāna as two kinds of pramāna:on the one hand,from a logical point of view,only svalaksana and sāmānyalaksana could be prameya(“所量”),that is,the object of a cognition(pramā?a,“能量”);on the other hand,from a cognitive point of view,the so-called svalak?a?a is being-in-itself,while sāmānyalaksana is not beingin-itself but only a participator of it.The former is an ontological argument by which the theory of two truths of Mādhyamika is implied,while the latter is about linguistic argument by which the philosophy of language of Buddhist pramānavāda is showed.On the base of the theory of two-folded pramāna,Dharmakīrti,a disciple of Dignāga’s disciple,then made these two arguments further and deeper.This article is a review and demonstration of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti’s ontological argument.

关 键 词：量论 所量境 能量心 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]