支持种肥监测的变量施肥系统设计与试验  

Design and Test on Variable Rate Fertilization System Supporting Seeding and Fertilizing Monitoring

作　　者：杨硕 王秀[2,3] 翟长远[4] 窦汉杰 高原源 赵春江 YANG Shuo;WANG Xiu;ZHAI Changyuan;DOU Hanjie;GAO Yuanyuan;ZHAO Chunjiang(College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering,Oklahoma State University,Stillwater OK 74078,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [4]俄克拉荷马州立大学生物系统与农业工程系,斯蒂尔沃特74078

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第10期145-153,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200608;2017YFD0700500-2017YFD0700502)

摘　　要：目前国内变量施肥控制系统与排肥监测系统集成化程度低,电动机驱动变量施肥系统动态响应研究不够深入。为此设计了基于电动机驱动、支持多路播种施肥监测的变量施肥控制系统,主要包括触摸屏、中央控制器和数据采集器。控制器以MCU为核心,读取GPS测速模块获取的机具行进速度,监测排肥电动机实时转速,与数据采集器通讯获取多路排种或施肥状态,与触摸屏通讯设置作业参数和监测作业状态。搭建试验平台,测得排肥轴转速范围为12.5~125 r/min、监测灵敏度为3 s时,系统监测可靠性为100%。进行了系统排肥量变化响应时间试验,室内试验结果表明在0~11 500 g/min的排肥量变化范围内,系统响应时间最大为0.75 s。系统整机试验中,75~450 kg/hm^2的施肥量变化区间,公差以75 kg/hm^2递增,行进速度平均为3.79 km/h时,系统响应时间平均为1.08 s;在设定施肥量450、600、750 kg/hm^2下,改变不同行进速度的过程中,排肥量准确率平均值分别为95.92%、95.24%和98.26%,方差分别为3.01%、1.39%和1.36%。田间试验表明,施肥量分别为450、600、750 kg/hm^2时,系统排肥量准确率平均值为94.69%,方差为2.23%,多路排种、排肥监测故障报警准确率为100%。The current domestic integration of a variable rate fertilization system and a fertilizer feeder fault alarming system has a low level,and there is less research on dynamic response of a motor driving fertilization system.A variable rate fertilizing control system supporting seeding and fertilizing monitoring was designed based on a motor driving method.The system mainly included a touch screen,a central controller and a data collector.The central controller was designed based on an MCU,which monitored both the vehicle speed by using a GPS module and the fertilization motor speed in real time.The touch screen was used to set or read the operation parameters by communicating with the controller.The data collector monitored the working status of the multiple seed metering or fertilizer feeder.An experimental platform was built to evaluate the monitoring accuracy.When the sowing axle speed was 12.5~125 r/min and the monitoring sensitivity was set to 3 s,the accuracy of the fault alarming system was 100%.A test was conducted to find the system response time with different fertilization rates,the test results showed that the maximum system response time was 0.75 s when fertilization rate was from 0 g/min to 11 500 g/min.The prototype machine test result showed that when the fertilization rate was from 75 kg/hm 2 to 450 kg/hm 2 with an increment of 75 kg/hm 2,the average system response time was 1.08 s.When the fertilization rates were 450 kg/hm 2,600 kg/hm 2 and 750 kg/hm 2 with different vehicle speeds,the average accuracies of fertilizer ejecting were 95.92%,95.24%and 98.26%,and the variances were 3.01%,1.39%and 1.36%,respectively.The field test results showed that when the fertilization rates were set to 450 kg/hm 2,600 kg/hm 2 and 750 kg/hm 2,the average accuracies of fertilizer ejecting was 94.69%with variance of 2.23%,and the accuracy of the fault alarm for multiple feeders was 100%.

关 键 词：变量施肥 播种施肥机 播种监测 可视化 多路监测 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] TP277[农业科学—农业基础科学]